Tang poems and Song Ci

浣溪沙 春日即事 刘辰翁 远远游蜂不记家， 数行新柳自啼鸦。 寻思旧事即天涯。 睡起有情和画卷， 燕归无语傍人斜， 晚风吹落小瓶花。 Silk-washing Stream · A Spring Day Liu Chenweng Far away the bees roam without knowing their home; On a few new shoots of willow trees the crows cry. I think of the days gone by as far as the end of the sky. Awake from sleep, I roll up my dream with my scroll. The silent swallows come back in slanting sunrays; The evening wind blows down flowers in a vase. 注释： The bees, crows, swallows, flowers remind the poet of his homeland. 《浣溪沙·春日即事》是宋代词人刘辰翁的词作。此词以首尾四句写景，中间两句写人。所写的是思乡之情，又不全是乡思，把从午睡后到傍晚的一段百无聊赖的情思和盘托出。本篇主要写美好事物不能青春长驻，更增添乡思的无比惆怅之情。这首词从表面上看每句都是独立的，好似并不相关，但逻辑紧密，情理之中已构成一幅完整的春日乡思图，令人回味无穷。全词的基调淡雅，别有情致。 “Silk-washing Stream · A Spring Day” is a lyric by the Song Dynasty lyricist Liu Chen-weng. The first and last four lines are about scenery, and the middle two lines are about people. It is not all about homesickness, but about the boredom from the afternoon to the evening. The main theme of this piece is that bea...

鹊桥仙 吴潜 扁舟昨泊， 危亭孤啸[1]， 目断闲云千里。 前山急雨过溪来， 尽洗却、 人间暑气。 暮鸦木末， 落凫天际， 都是一团秋意。 痴儿騃女贺新凉， 也不道、 西风又起。 注释： [1]啸：撮口出声，声音响亮而悠长，类似于现在的口哨，古人在抑郁不得志的时候往往长啸以宣泄心中的郁闷。 [2]騃（ái）：愚呆；感情痴迷。 Immortals at the Magpie Bridge Wu Qian I moor my boat and then I croon Beneath the high pavilion alone. I stretch my eyes To see for miles and miles clouds rise. The hasty rain sweeps from the hills Across the rills. At dusk the crows perch on top of the trees; From the horizon come the wild geese. They bring the fresh autumnal air; My children are fond of the fresh cool here and there. They do not see the rise again of the west breeze. 注释： The poet describes his solitude in this poem. 《鹊桥仙·扁舟昨泊》是南宋词人吴潜的词作。词起笔三句叙事，过片写雨后情景，抒写了宦海浮沉的落寞心情。 “Immortals at the Magpie Bridge” is a lyric by Wu Qian of the Southern Song Dynasty. It begins with three lines of narrative and ends with the scene after the rain, expressing the despondent mood of the eunuchs.

南柯子 吴潜 池水凝新碧， 阑花驻老红。 有人独立画桥东， 手把一枝杨柳系春风。 鹊绊游丝坠， 蜂拈落蕊空。 秋千庭院小帘栊， 多少闲情闲绪雨声中。 Song of a Dream Wu Qian By pools of congealed green Red flowers form a screen. East of the painted bridge alone stands she, Trying to bind spring breeze with sprigs of willow tree. Magpies fly through gossamers light, The bees alight on falling flowers in vain. A swing hangs in the yard before the window bright. How much sorrow and leisure she feels in the rain! 注释： This poem expresses a young woman’s regret for the departing spring. 《南柯子·池水凝新碧》是宋朝词人吴潜创作的一首词。这首闺情词写闺中女子的惜春之情。词人通过春光中的各种景物描写，表达了一位妙龄女子的惜春之情。这是一个常见主题。在美人惜春的背后，谁又能说这不是表达对光阴、青春的眷恋呢？ “Song of a Dream” is a lyric composed by Wu Qian of the Song Dynasty. It is about the feelings of a woman in a boudoir who cherishes spring. Through the description of various scenes in spring, the lyricist expresses the feelings of a wonderful woman who cherishes spring. This is a common theme. Who can say that it is not an expression of longing for time an...

霜天晓角 高观国 春云粉色。 春水和云湿。 试问西湖杨柳， 东风外、 几丝碧。 望极。 连翠陌。 兰桡[1]双桨急。 欲访莫愁[2]何处， 旗亭[3]在、 画桥侧。 注释： [1]桡：船桨。 [2]莫愁：泛指歌女。 [3]旗亭：暗用唐代诗人王之涣“旗亭画壁”的故事。开元年间，王之涣与王昌龄、高适齐名。一日天寒微雪，三人来旗亭小饮，他们决定以歌伎唱谁的诗多，来比谁的诗名最大。结果最出名的歌伎唱得最多的是王之涣的诗。“旗亭画壁”因此即成典故。 Morning Horn and Frosty Sky Gao Guanguo Spring’s rosy clouds are high, Yet wet with vernal rain. Ask the lakeside willows trees How many branches greened by vernal breeze? I stretch my eyes Over the vast green plain And row the two oars across the lake wide. Where is the songstress fair? The poet’s pavilion is still there, By the bridge side. 注释： This poem describes the beauty of the West Lake. The poet refers to Wang Zhihuan, author of the verse: You can enjoy a grander sight, by climbing to a greater height. 《霜天晓角·春云粉色》是南宋词人高观国的作品。词十分生动贴切地描绘了西湖的秀美景色，并藉以抒发了心中的畅快感情，措词精当，给人以清新之感，全词写的委婉奇妙，人与周围的景物达到了完美的统一，格调十分高雅。 “Morning Horn and Frosty Sky” is the work of Gao Guanguo, a lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty. The lyrics depict the beautiful scener...

鹧鸪天 东阳[1]道中 辛弃疾 扑面征尘[2]去路遥， 香篝[3]渐觉水沉[4]销。 山无重数周遭碧， 花不知名分外娇。 人历历， 马萧萧， 旌旗又过小红桥。 愁边剩有相思句， 摇断吟鞭碧玉梢。 注释： [1]东阳：隶属今浙江金华市。考察作者早年宦游踪迹，无确切记载来过此地，本事不可考。也可能是代人之作。 [2]征尘：征途上扬起的尘土。 [3]香篝：一种燃香料的笼子。 [4]水沉：沉香，也叫水沉香，是一种名贵的香料。 Partridge in the Sky · On the Way to Dongyang Xin Qiji Facing the dust, I have to go a long, long way; I feel the incense in the censer burned away. Countless green hills around me undulate; Nameless flowers all the more fascinate. Men go their way and horses neigh. Flags pass the small red bridge again. Searching nostalgic lines with might and main. I flip my singing whip till it breaks off its tips. 注释： The poet describes the scenery on the way and his joyful mood. 《鹧鸪天·代人赋》是南宋词人辛弃疾所作的一首词。这是一首清新隽永的羁旅怀人之作。开篇以征尘与沉香对举，暗暗引出相思之意。无数青山皆有娇花处处，正是旅途时时尽是相思的写照。结句遥应篇，点出怀人主旨，刻画出一个情浓意切的相思者形象。全词婉约其外豪放其中，笔致流利而不纤弱，情绪缠绵而不哀怨，虽在辛词中属别调，与一般婉约词仍异具旨趣。 “Partridge in the Sky · On the Way to Dongyang” is a song written by Xin Qiji, a lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty. It is a refreshing a...

沁园春 忆黄山 汪莘 三十六峰， 三十六溪， 长锁清秋。 对孤峰绝顶， 云烟竞秀； 悬崖峭壁， 瀑布争流。 洞里桃花[1]， 仙家芝草[2]， 雪后春正取次游。 亲曾见， 是龙潭白昼， 海涌潮头。 当年黄帝浮丘， 有玉枕玉床还在不。 向天都月夜， 遥闻凤管[3]； 翠微霜晓， 仰盼龙楼。 砂穴长红， 丹炉已冷， 安得灵方闻早修。 谁知此， 问源头白鹿， 水畔青牛。 注释： [1]洞里桃花：相传古代仙人浮丘公曾在炼丹峰的炼丹洞里炼过仙丹，那里有两棵桃树，毛白而色异，为仙家之物。 [2]仙家芝草：吃了可以成仙的灵芝草。相传轩辕峰下的采芝源，曾是轩辕黄帝采芝的地方。 [3]凤管：凤箫。相传春秋时有萧史善于吹箫，秦穆公以女弄玉妻之。萧史教弄玉吹箫作凤鸣，引凤来归，穆公为他们筑了凤台。后萧史、弄玉一起乘凤而去。凤箫之名由此得来。 Spring in a Pleasure Garden Yellow Mountains Recalled Wang Shen Thirty-six peaks And thirty-six streams Have long locked clear autumn in dreams. In face of lonely peaks and lofty crest, Clouds and mist vie to look their best. Over cliffs steep and high Cascades in roaring vie. In the cave grow peach flowers, And life-long herbs in divine bowers. After spring snow one by one they will come in sight. I have seen with my eyes The Dragon’s Pool in broad daylight, The sea in angry billows rise. Of the Yellow Emperor’s reign, Do the jade bed and pillow still remain? From the Celestial Town in moonlight, I’ve heard ...

水调歌头 金山[1]观月 张孝祥 江山自雄丽， 风露与高寒。 寄声月姊， 借我玉鉴[2]此中看。 幽壑鱼龙悲啸， 倒影星辰摇动， 海气夜漫漫。 涌起白银阙[3]， 危驻紫金山。 表独立[4]， 飞霞珮， 切云冠[5]。 漱冰濯雪[6]， 眇视万里一毫端[7]。 回首三山[8]何处， 闻道群仙笑我， 要我欲俱还。 挥手从此去， 翳凤[9]更骖鸾[10]。 注释： [1]金山：在今江苏镇江。宋时原本矗立于长江之中，后经泥沙冲合，遂与南岸毗连。山上有著名古刹金山寺。 [2]玉鉴：玉镜。鉴，镜子。《新唐书·魏征传》中曾有“以铜为鉴，可正衣冠”句。 [3]白银阙：月中宫阙。这里代指月亮。 [4]表独立：屹然独立的样子。表，特出。 [5]切云冠：古代一种高冠的名称。《九章·涉江》：“冠切云之崔嵬。” [6]漱冰濯雪：漱和濯都是洗涤、冲刷的意思。 [7]毫端：形容细微之至。 [8]三山：我国古代传说海上有三座神山，即方丈、蓬莱、瀛洲。前人将三山融入诗词境界中的并不少见，如李清照《渔家傲》：“风休住，蓬舟吹取三山去。” [9]翳凤：用凤羽做帝王或者贵族车上所用的华盖。 [10]骖鸾：用鸾鸟驾车。 Prelude to Water Melody · The Moon Viewed on Golden Hill Zhang Xiaoxiang The lofty mountain stands in view, When wind is high and cold is dew. I’d ask the Goddess of the Moon To lend me her jade mirror soon To see in deep water fish and dragon sigh And stars shiver as if fallen from on high. The boundless sea mingles her breath with boundless night. On the waves surges the palace silver-white; The Golden Hill Temple frowns on the height. Alone it towers high, Girt with a rainbow bright, Its ...

昭君怨 咏荷上雨 杨万里 午梦扁舟花底， 香满西湖烟水。 急雨打篷[1]声， 梦初惊。 却是池荷跳雨， 散了真珠还聚。 聚作水银窝， 泛清波[2]。 注释： [1]篷：指船篷。 [2]泛清波：又作“泻清波”。 Lament of a Fair Lady · Raindrops on Lotus Leaves Yang Wanli I nap at noon in a leaflike boat beneath lotus flowers; Their fragrance spreads over mist-veiled West Lake. I hear my boat’s roof beaten by sudden showers, And startled, I awake. I find on lotus leaves leap drops of rain; Like pearls they scatter and get together again. They melt then into liquid silver Flowing down the rippling river. 注释： The poet gives a very vivid picture of the lotus in rain. 《昭君怨·咏荷上雨》是宋代诗人杨万里的词作。这首小令用轻松活泼的笔调写自己梦中泛舟西湖和被雨惊醒后的情景。上片写梦中泛舟西湖花底，骤雨打篷，从梦中惊醒。下片写醒来所见景物，与先前的梦境相映成趣。本词构思巧妙，意境新颖，梦境与现实对照写来，曲折而有层次，极富变化，细细品味，似乎看到晶莹璀灿的珍珠在碧绿的“盘”中滚动；似乎嗅到荷花的阵阵幽香，有很强的艺术魅力。 “Lament of a Fair Lady · Raindrops on Lotus Leaves” is a poem written by Yang Wanli in the Song Dynasty. This small poem is written in a lively and light-hearted tone, describing the scene when he woke up from a dream of rafting on the ...

苏幕遮 周邦彦 燎沉香， 消溽暑。 鸟雀呼晴， 侵晓窥檐语。 叶上初阳干宿雨， 水面清圆， 一一风荷举。 故乡遥， 何日去。 家住吴门， 久作长安旅。 五月渔郎相忆否， 小楫轻舟， 梦入芙蓉浦。 Waterbag Dance Zhou Bangyan I burn an incense sweet To temper steamy heat. Birds chirp at dawn beneath the eaves, Announcing a fine day. The rising sun Has dried last night’s raindrops on the lotus leaves, Which, clear and round, dot water surface. One by one The lotus blooms stand up with ease And swing in morning breeze. My homeland’s far away; When to return and stay? My kinsfolk live in south by city wall. Why should I linger long in the capital? Will not my fishing friends remember me in May? In a short-oared light boat, it seems, I’m back ‘mid lotus blooms in dreams. 注释： This poem describes the lotus after rain and the poet’s thoughts of home. 《苏幕遮·燎沈香》是宋代词人周邦彦的词作。此词主要抒写词人的思乡之情。抒情主人公由眼前的荷花想到故乡的荷花，而向荷花娓娓道出游子浓浓的思乡情，构思尤为巧妙别致。上片主要描绘荷花姿态，下片由荷花梦回故乡。全词写景写人写情写梦皆语出天然，不加雕饰而风情万种，通过对清圆的荷叶、五月的江南、渔郎的轻舟这些情景进行虚实变幻的描写，把思乡之苦表达得淋漓尽致。 “Waterbag Dance” is a lyric ...

凤栖梧·兰溪 曹冠 桂棹悠悠分浪稳。 烟幂层峦， 绿水连天远。 赢得锦囊诗句满， 兴来豪饮挥金碗。 飞絮撩人花照眼。 天阔风微， 燕外晴丝卷。 翠竹谁家门可款， 舣舟闲上斜阳岸。 Phoenix Perching on Plane Tree · The Orchid Stream Cao Guan The laurel boat cleaving the waves slowly goes by, Mist veils peaks low and high, Green water joins the far-off sky. My pocket with verse and rhyme is filled up, In high spirits I drink in my golden cup. The willow down and flowers in flight tease my eye, A soft breeze blows in the vast sky, Through willow branches swallows fly. Whose green bamboo invites me to the door? I moor my boat at sunset and go to the shore. 注释： The poet describes his leisurely life on boating. 《凤栖梧·兰溪》是宋代词人曹冠所作的词。本词描写泛舟兰溪的闲情逸致，表现了作者对故乡山川风物的热爱。本词有和婉优美的意境，朴素平易的语言，轻捷明快的节奏，读之颇觉轻松，回味又觉恬淡温馨。 “Phoenix Perching on Plane Tree · The Orchid Stream” is a song written by Cao Guan, a lyricist of the Song Dynasty. This lyric describes the leisurely mood of boating in the Orchid River, and expresses the author’s love for the landscape of his hometown. It has a b...

点绛唇 汪藻 新月娟娟[1]， 夜寒江静山衔斗[2]。 起来搔首[3]。 梅影横窗瘦。 好个霜天[4]， 闲却[5]传杯手。 君知否。 乱鸦啼后。 归兴浓于酒。 注释： [1]娟娟：美好的样子。 [2]山衔斗：北斗星在山间闪现。 [3]搔首：挠头，心绪烦乱或思考时的动作。 [4]霜天：秋天。 [5]闲却：闲置。 Rouged Lips Wang Zao The crescent moon so fair, The night so chill. The stream so still, I rise and scratch my hair. The mumes cast slender shadows across windowsill. The frosty sky so fine, A cup in hand, I can’t but pine. Do you not know After the wailing of the crow I am more homesick than thirsty for wine? 注释： The poet describes the outer world to reveal his inner world. 《点绛唇·新月娟娟》是北宋著名词人汪藻一首词，是一首吟咏归隐的词。上阕写冬末初春景：寒江夜月，梅横影瘦。心境的落寞与凄清在这些景物描写中得到表现。下阕前两句写霜寒无酒可饮，处境十分困窘，听到乱鸦聒噪，更增退隐之思。整个作品写法含蓄，深有寄托，有感而发。 It is a poem by Wang Zao, a famous lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty. The first section is about the scene of late winter and early spring: the cold moon at night in the river, the thin shadow of plum across the river. The desolation and bleakness of the state of mind are expressed in the description of these scenes. In the fir...

好事近 梦中作 秦观 春路雨添花， 花动一山春色。 行到小溪深处， 有黄鹂千百。 飞云当面化龙蛇， 夭矫[1]转空碧[2]。 醉卧古藤阴下， 了不知南北。 注释： [1]夭矫：屈伸自如的样子。 [2]空碧：碧空。 Song of Good Event · In Dream Qin Guan The spring rain hastens roadside flowers to grow; They undulate and fill mountains with spring. Deep, deep along the stream I go, And hear hundreds of orioles sing. Flying cloud in my face turns to dragon or snake, And swiftly melts in azure sky. Lying drunk ‘neath old vines, I can’t make Out if it’s north or south by and by. 注释： This poem describes a dream in which the poet fancies clouds to be dragons or snakes. 《好事近·梦中作》是北宋词人秦观创作的一首词。此词生动形象地描写了作者的一次梦中之游的经过。词的上片先写他梦魂缥缈，在一条山路上漫游。下片是写词人的醉酒，写梦中仰望碧空，看到“飞云”涌动，如龙蛇飞舞，变幻莫，不禁为之神往，以至于忘乎所以，进入不知南北、物我两忘的仙境之中。全词着笔浓淡相宜，意兴飞扬，雨光花色，春山古藤，皆可入画，构思新妙，造语奇警，不似寻常手笔。 The song “Song of Good Event · In Dream” is a lyric composed by Qin Guan, a lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty. This lyric vividly depicts the author’s dream trip. The upper part of the lyric begins with a descript...

点绛唇 秦观 醉漾轻舟， 信流[1]引到花深处。 尘缘[2]相误。 无计花间[3]住。 烟水茫茫， 千里斜阳暮。 山无数。 乱红如雨[4]。 不记来时路。 注释： [1]信流：随水而流不加控制。 [2]尘缘：世俗的念头。唐韦应物《春月观省属城始憩东西林精舍》诗：“佳士亦栖息，善身绝尘缘。” [3]花间：这里指天台山桃源。 [4]乱红如雨：唐李贺《将进酒》：“况是青春日将暮，桃花乱落如红雨。” Rouged Lips Qin Guan Drunk, at random I float Along the stream my little boat. By misfortune, among The flowers I cannot stay long. Misty waters outspread, I find the slanting sun on turning my head, And countless mountains high. Red flowers fall in showers, I don’t remember the way I came by. 注释： The banished poet writes this poem on his southward way, in which he describes the scenery of the peach blossom land he dreamed of. 《点绛唇·桃源》是宋代词人秦观创作的一首词。此词上片写词人醉中想象自己泛舟进入桃花源，醒后因身受官府羁绊而抱恨，隐寓向往仙境而天涯无路的苦境；下片择取人世间的四种凄凉景象，来影射词人黯淡、感伤的心境。起笔寓情于景，境界清丽；接着忽而转折，情辞悲苦；过片承上深入，浑化无迹，景色惨淡；结末景语淡出，情辞凄楚。全词委曲含蓄，耐人寻味。 The first piece is about a lyricist of the Song Dynasty, Qin Guan. The first verse is about the lyricist’s drunken imagination of himself rafting into the Peach Blossom Source, but after he wak...

醉蓬莱 黄庭坚 对朝云叆叇[1]， 暮雨霏微， 乱峰相倚。 巫峡高唐， 锁楚宫朱翠[2]。 画戟[3]移春， 靓妆[4]迎马， 向一川都会。 万里投荒[5]， 一身吊影[6]， 成何欢意！ 尽道黔南， 去天尺五[7]， 望极神州[8]， 万重烟水。 樽酒公堂， 有中朝佳士[9]。 荔颊[10]红深， 麝脐[11]香满， 醉舞裀[12]歌袂[13]。 杜宇[14]声声， 催人到晓， 不如归是。 注释： [1]叆叇：形容浓云蔽日。 [2]“巫峡”二句：巫峡，长江三峡之一，西起重庆市巫山县，东迄湖北省巴东县。高唐，战国时楚国台观名。楚宫，楚时离宫。明曹学佺《蜀中名胜记》：“楚宫在女观山西畔小山顶，三面皆荒山，南望江山奇丽。”朱翠，指女子的朱颜翠发，代指美人。 [3]画戟：戟是一种古兵器，因加彩饰，又称画戟，常作为仪仗之用。 [4]靓妆：美丽的妆饰。 [5]万里投荒：比喻流落到荒远的贬所。唐柳宗元《别舍弟宗一》诗：“一身去国六千里，万死投荒十二年。” [6]一身吊影：比喻非常孤独。晋李密《陈情表》：“茕茕孑立，形影相吊。” [7]去天尺五：语本《辛氏三秦记》汉民谚：“城山韦杜，去天尺五。”黔州城处摩围山，俗语为摩天高山之意，因以为喻。 [8]神州：此处指中原，兼喻京城。 [9]佳士：美士，才德兼优的士人。 [10]荔颊：一本作“荔脸”。借喻歌女的面容。 [11]麝脐：指麝香。因产于脐下，故称。 [12]舞裀：跳舞用的地毯。 [13]歌袂：歌女的衣袖。 [14]杜宇：杜鹃鸟，又名姊归。传说古代蜀帝杜宇死后化为杜鹃鸟，因为它的叫声异常凄凉，声音好似“不如归去”，所以能触动游客归乡的念头。王实甫《西厢记》：“不信呵去那绿杨影里听杜宇，一声声道不如归去。” Drunk in the Fairyland Huang Tingjian In the face of heavy morning cloud again And drizzling evening rain, Leaning on each other, rugged the hills remain. The Gorge of Witch and lofty peaks Lock in the Southern Palace rosy cheeks. In spring the halberds move in force...

水调歌头 游览 黄庭坚 瑶草[1]一何碧， 春入武陵溪[2]。 溪上桃花无数， 枝上有黄鹂。 我欲穿花寻路， 直入白云深处， 浩气展虹霓。 只恐花深里， 红露湿人衣。 坐玉石， 倚玉枕， 拂金徽[3]。 谪仙[4]何处， 无人伴我白螺杯[5]。 我为灵芝仙草， 不为朱唇丹脸[6]， 长啸[7]亦何为。 醉舞下山去， 明月逐人归。 注释： [1]瑶草：仙草。杜甫《赠李白》诗：“方期拾瑶草。” [2]武陵溪：陶渊明《桃花源记》：“晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业，缘溪行，忘路之远近，忽逢桃花林。”武陵，今湖南常德市一带。 [3]金徽：琴徽，用来定琴声高低音节。梁元帝诗：“金徽调玉轸，兹夜抚离鸿。” [4]谪仙：唐人李白善饮酒赋诗，贺知章称李白为谪仙人。 [5]白螺杯：陶谷《清异录》：“以螺为杯，岩穴极湾曲，则可以藏酒，有一螺能贮三盏许者，号为九曲螺杯。” [6]朱唇丹脸：本形容美女，这里指媚世的小人。 [7]长啸：撮口作声为啸。阮籍曾经在苏门山遇孙登，与商略终古及栖神导气之术，登皆不应，借长啸而退。 Prelude to Water Melody Sightseeing Huang Tingjian How could grass be so green? O Spring Enters the fairy stream, Where countless peach blooms beam, And on the branch of the tree golden orioles sing. I try to find a way through the flowers so gay, Straight into clouds so white To breathe a rainbow bright, But I’m afraid in the depth of the flowers in my view, My sleeves would be wet with rosy dew. I sit on a stone and Lean on a pillow of jade, A tune on golden lute is played. Where is the poet of the fairyland? Who would drink up with m...

卜算子 春情 秦湛 春透水波明， 寒峭花枝瘦。 极目烟中百尺楼， 人在楼中否？ 四和[1]袅金凫[2]， 双陆[3]思纤手。 拟倩东风浣此情， 情更浓于酒。 注释： [1]四和：一种香名，叫四和香。 [2]金凫：指鸭子形的铜香炉。 [3]双陆：古代一种博戏的名称，相传是三国时曹植所制。最初只有两只骰子，到了唐末，加到六只，叫作叶子戏。在中国已经失传。流传到日本后，称飞双陆，现尚存。 Song of Divination Qin Zhan Spring mirrored in the water clear, Flowers are thin in cold severe. I stretch my eye to the sky’s end for the high tower. Is she still in her bower? From golden censer wafts incense nice. Are her fair hands playing with dice? I’d ask the east breeze to bring her a lover’s line, For love intoxicates more than wine. 注释： Son of Qin Guan, the poet writes this poem for his love, wellknown for the last line. 《卜算子·春透水波明》是南宋词人秦湛所作，词题《春情》。这首词是秦湛仅存词之一，全篇写春日对所恋之人的拳拳思慕之情。词人抓住景物特点进行勾勒，描绘了一幅春波荡漾、清澈潋滟，春寒料峭、花枝俏丽的早春图。用几个字点缀，使词的意境更加优美。开章紧扣词题，并以景托情，表现了对春天降临的欣喜，还为所思之女子作了铺垫。 The title of the song is “Song of Divination”. It is one of Qin Zhan’s only surviving lyrics, and it is about his fond feelings for the person he loves in spring. The lyricist capt...

浣溪沙 苏轼 风压轻云贴水飞， 乍晴池馆[1]燕争泥。 沈郎[2]多病不胜衣。 沙上不闻鸿雁信， 竹间时听鹧鸪[3]啼。 此情唯有落花知！ 注释： [1]池馆：周围有水池的屋子。 [2]沈郎：指沈约，字休文，吴兴武康（今浙江德清）人，齐梁文坛领袖。和谢朓等人开创了“永明体”，讲求声韵格律，促成了诗歌由古体向近体的发展。这里借指词人自己。 [3]鹧鸪：一种鸟，啼声好似“行不得也哥哥”。 Silk-washing Stream Su Shi Pressed by the breeze, over water the light clouds fly; In pecking clods by poolside tower swallows vie. I feel too weak to wear my gown, ill for so long. I have not heard the message-bearing wild goose’s song; Partridges among bamboos seem to call me home; Only fallen blooms know the heart of those who roam. 注释： This poet describes a frangvil scene and his homesickness. 《浣溪沙·风压轻云贴水飞》是北宋文学家苏轼创作的一首词。首二句是眼前春景。“压”、“贴’、“飞”三动词连贯而下，状物如在目前。燕之趁晴而“争泥”，刻画传神入妙。“沈郎”句言自己病后消夜。弱不胜衣，感情跌进一层。过片以“不闻”、“时听”对举，透出情感之困顿，而惟有花知此情，则无人领略之悲凉又曲曲传出。这首词意境优美，情感真切，语言流畅。 “Silk-washing Stream” is a lyric composed by Su Shi, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. The first two lines are about the spring scene in front of us. The three verbs “to press”, “to stick” a...

行香子 过七里濑[1] 苏轼 一叶[2]舟轻， 双桨鸿[3]惊。 水天清、 影湛[4]波平。 鱼翻藻鉴[5]， 鹭[6]点烟汀[7]。 过沙溪急， 霜溪冷， 月溪明。 重重似画， 曲曲如屏[8]。 算当年、 虚老严陵[9]。 君臣一梦， 今古空名[10]。 但远山长， 云山乱， 晓山青。 注释： [1]七里濑：又名七里滩、七里泷，在今浙江省桐庐县城南三十里。钱塘江两岸山峦夹峙，水流湍急，连绵七里，因此得名七里濑。濑，沙石上流过的急水。 [2]一叶：舟轻小如叶，因此称“一叶”。 [3]鸿：大雁。 [4]湛：水清澈。 [5]藻鉴：亦称藻镜。指背面刻有鱼、藻之类纹饰的铜镜。这里比喻像镜子一样平的水面。藻，生活在水中的一种隐花植物。鉴，镜子。 [6]鹭：一种水鸟。 [7]汀：水中或水边的平地；小洲。 [8]屏：屏风，室内用具，用来挡风或障蔽。 [9]严陵：严光，字子陵，东汉人，曾与刘秀同学，并帮助刘秀打天下。刘秀称帝后，他更名隐居。刘秀三次派人才把他召到京师。授谏议大夫的官职，他不肯接受，归隐富春江，终日钓鱼。 [10]空名：世人多认为严光钓鱼是假，“钓名”是真。唐人韩偓（wò）《招隐》诗：“时人未会严陵志，不钓鲈鱼只钓名。”这里指刘秀的称帝和严光的垂钓都不过是梦一般的空名而已。 Joy of Eternal Union Passing the Seven-league Shallows Su Shi A leaflike boat goes light; At dripping oars wild geese take fright. Under a sky serene Clear shadows float on calm waves green. Among the mirrored water grass fish play And egrets dot the riverbank mist-grey. Thus I go past The sandy brook flowing fast, The frosted brook cold, The moonlit brook bright to behold. Hill upon hill is a picturesque scene; Bend after bend looks like a screen. I...

西江月 苏轼 顷在黄州，春夜行蕲水中，过酒家饮，酒醉，乘月至一溪桥上，解鞍曲肱，醉卧少休。及觉已晓，乱山攒拥，流水锵然，疑非尘世也。书此语桥柱上。 照野弥弥 [1] 浅浪， 横空隐隐层霄。 障泥未解玉骢骄， 我欲醉眠芳草。 可惜一溪风月， 莫教踏碎琼瑶。 解鞍欹枕绿杨桥， 杜宇一声春晓。   注释： [1] 弥弥：水盛大的样子。 The Moon over the West River Su Shi Wavelet on wavelet glimmers by the shore; Cloud on cloud dimly appears in the sky. Unsaddled is my white-jadelike horse; Drunk, asleep in the sweet grass I’ll lie. My horse’s hoofs may break, I’m afraid, The breeze-rippled brook paved by moonlit jade. I tether my horse to a bough of green willow Near the bridge where I pillow My head on arms and sleep till the cuckoo’s song awakes A spring daybreak.   注释： The poet describes the happiness of his sleep after drinking. 《西江月·照野弥弥浅浪》是宋代文学家苏轼的词作。上片写词人路上的见闻和醉态，下片言词人对美好景物的怜惜之情。此词以空山明月般澄澈、空灵的心境，描绘了一个富有诗情画意的月夜人间仙境图，表现出一个物我两忘、超然物外的境界，抒发了作者乐观、豁达、以顺处逆的襟怀。全词寓情于景，情景交融，境界空灵浩渺，读来回味无穷。 Xijiang Yue (The Moon over the West River) is a lyric by Su Shi, a writer of the Song Dynasty. The first piece is about what the lyricist s...

清平乐 春晚 王安国 留春不住。 费尽莺儿语。 满地残红宫锦[1]污， 昨夜南园[2]风雨。 小怜[3]初上琵琶。 晓来思绕天涯。 不肯画堂朱户， 春风自在杨花[4]。   注释： [1]宫锦：宫中特用的锦缎。 [2]南园：泛指园囿。 [3]小怜：北齐后主高纬宠妃冯淑妃之名；冯天资聪慧，能弹琵琶。这里泛指歌女。 [4]杨花：又作“梨花”。 Pure Serene Music Later Spring Wang Anguo Spring cannot be retained, Though orioles have exhausted their song. The ground is strewn with fallen reds like brocade stained, The southern garden washed by rain all the night long. For the first time the songstress plucks the pipa string; At dawn her yearning soars into the sky. The painted hall with crimson door’s no place for spring; The vernal breeze with willow down wafts high.   注释： This poem describes a songstress’ regret for the departing spring. 《清平乐·春晚》是宋代词人王安国的作品。此词上片以倒装句式描绘暮春萧条的景色，抒写惜花惜春的情意，表达了作者慨叹美好年华逝去的惆怅情怀；下片抒写暮春伤逝念远的幽怨，以暮春纷飞的杨花不肯飞入权贵人家的画堂朱户，表达了作者不亲权贵的品格。全词情景交融，清新婉丽，曲折多致，笔法精妙，堪称伤春词中的佳作。 “Pure Serene Music – Later Spring” is a work by Wang Anguo, a lyricist of the Song Dynasty. The upper part of the lyric depicts the depressed scener...

渔家傲 王安石 平岸小桥千嶂抱。 柔蓝一水萦花草。 茅屋数间窗窈窕 [1] 。 尘不到。 时时自有春风扫。 午枕觉来闻语鸟。 欹眠似听朝鸡早。 忽忆故人今总老。 贪梦好。 茫然忘了邯郸道。   注释： [1] 窈窕：深邃的样子。 Pride of Fishermen Wang Anshi Surrounded by peaks, a bridge flies from shore to shore; A soft blue stream flows through flowers before the door. A few thatched houses with windows I adore. There comes no dust, The place is swept by vernal breeze in fitful gusts. I hear birds twitter when awake from nap at noon; I wonder in my bed why the cock crows so soon. Thinking of my friends who have all grown old, Why indulge in a dream of gold? Do not forget the way to glory is rough and cold!   注释： The poet describes a rural scene and his rural life. 《渔家傲·平岸小桥千嶂抱》是宋代文学家王安石的词作。此词作于作者晚年隐居金陵（今南京）期间。上片写景，前两句写山水之美，后三句写屋子，描绘了一幅清幽的隐居图景；下片写在这片山水中的生活情趣和体验。通篇散发出一种纯净脱俗的美，反映出作者退出政治舞台后的生活情趣和心情。全词以景起，以情结，而情与景之间，由茅屋午梦加以沟通，使上下片写景与抒情之间不觉截然有分界，艺术上较为成熟。 “Pride of Fishermen” is a lyric by Wang Anshi, a writer of the Song Dynasty. The lyric was written in the author’s later y...

采桑子 欧阳修 群芳过后西湖好， 狼藉[1]残红。 飞絮濛濛。 垂柳阑干尽日风。 笙歌散尽游人去， 始觉春空。 垂下帘栊。 双燕归来细雨中。 注释： [1]狼藉：散乱的样子。 Gathering Mulberry Leaves (III) Ouyang Xiu All flowers have passed away, West Lake is quiet; The fallen blooms run riot. Catkins from willow trees Beyond the railings fly all day, fluffy in breeze. Flute songs no longer sung and sightseers gone, I begin to feel spring alone. Lowering the blinds in vain, I see a pair of swallows come back in the rain. 注释： The poet describes the pleasure of boating and drinking on the West Lake in the first two poems and the quietude of lonely spring in the third. 《采桑子·群芳过后西湖好》是宋代文学家欧阳修所作的组词《采桑子十首》的第四首。此词写暮春依栏观湖游兴之感，描写了颍州西湖暮春时节静谧清疏洒的风姿，词人在暮春美景中寄托闲适之情。上片写暮春之景，下片言众人归去之静。全词将西湖清空幽寂的春末境界表现得优美可爱，体现了对大自然和现实人生的无限热爱和眷恋。词以细雨双燕状寂寥之况，于落寞中尚有空虚之感，文字疏隽，感情含蓄。 “Gathering Mulberry Leaves (III) ” is the fourth song of “Ten Songs of Caisangzi” written by Ouyang Xiu, a writer of Song Dynasty. It describes the quiet and sparse style of the West Lake in Yingzhou in th...

采桑子 欧阳修 画船载酒西湖好， 急管繁弦， 玉盏催传， 稳泛平波任醉眠。 行云却在行舟下， 空水澄鲜[1]， 俯仰流连， 疑是湖中别有天。 注释： [1]空水澄鲜：语出谢灵运《登江中孤屿》：“云日相晖映，空水共澄鲜。”指天空与湖水都是澄清明净的。 Gathering Mulberry Leaves (II) Ouyang Xiu West Lake is fine for us in painted boat loaded with wine. From pipes and strings comes music fast; From hand to hand jade cups soon passed, Secure on calming waves, drunk we lie. Fleeting clouds seem to float beneath our moving boat. The sky seems near to the dinersnow. Looking up and below, we will not go away. It seems there’s in the lake another sky.

采桑子 欧阳修 轻舟短棹[1]西湖好， 绿水逶迤。 芳草长堤。 隐隐笙歌处处随。 无风水面琉璃滑， 不觉船移。 微动涟漪[2]。 惊起沙禽掠岸飞。 注释： [1]棹：船桨。 [2]涟漪：形容船移动时，水面细波粼粼，微微荡漾。 Gathering Mulberry Leaves (I) Ouyang Xiu Viewed from a light boat with short oars, West Lake is fair. Green water winds along The banks overgrown with sweet grass; here and there Faintly we hear a flute song. The water surface is smooth like glass when no wind blows; I feel the boat moves no more. Leaving ripples behind, it goes, The startled waterbirds skim the flat sandy shore. 《采桑子·轻舟短棹西湖好》是北宋文学家欧阳修创作的一首词。这首词以轻松淡雅的笔调，描写泛舟颍州西湖时所见的美丽景色。全词色调清丽，风格娟秀，充满诗情画意，清新可喜。 “Gathering Mulberry Leaves (I)” is a lyric composed by Ouyang Xiu, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. This lyric is written in a light and elegant tone, describing the beautiful scenery seen while boating on the West Lake of Yingzhou. It is full of poetic sentiment and freshness.

剪牡丹·舟中闻双琵琶 张先 野绿连空， 天青垂水， 素色溶漾都净[1]。 柳径无人， 堕絮飞无影。 汀洲[2]日落人归， 修巾薄袂[3]， 撷香拾翠相竞[4]。 如解凌波[5]， 泊烟渚[6]春暝。 彩绦朱索[7]新整。 宿绣屏、 画船风定。 金凤响双槽[8]， 弹出今古幽思谁省[9]。 玉盘大小乱珠迸。 酒上妆面， 花艳眉相并。 重听。 尽汉妃一曲[10]， 江空月静。 注释： [1]“素色”句：素色，指白茫茫的江水。溶漾，水波荡漾的样子。 [2]汀洲：水边平地。 [3]“修巾”句：修巾，长长的带子。袂，衣袖。 [4]“撷香”句：撷香，采花。撷，采。拾翠，泛指女子游春。 [5]“如解”句：解，能。凌波，踏水而行。 [6]烟渚：烟水迷蒙的江边平地。 [7]彩绦朱索：指女子身上漂亮的衣带。 [8]“金凤”句：金凤，指琵琶。槽，琵琶上架弦的格子。 [9]省：懂。 [10]汉妃一曲：指王昭君所弹《昭君怨》曲。汉妃，汉元帝时宫女王昭君。 Peonies Cut Down Hear the Music of Double-pipa in the Boat Zhang Xian The green plain extends far and wide, The azure sky hangs over waterside. The endless river flows with ripples purified. On willowy lanes there’s no man in sight; The willow falls down without shadow in flight. People come back, drowned in slanting sunlight. Girt with long belt and dressed with thin sleeves, Girls vie in plucking flowers and green leaves. They know how to tread on the waves, it seems, On misty rivershore spring dreams, Newly adorned with tassels red and ribbons green, They live beh...

玉楼春 宋祁 东城渐觉风光好。 縠[1]皱波纹迎客棹[2]。 绿杨烟外晓寒轻， 红杏枝头春意闹。 浮生[3]长恨欢娱少， 肯爱千金轻一笑。 为君持酒劝斜阳， 且向花间留晚照。 注释： [1]縠：绉纱类丝织品。此处比喻水的波纹。 [2]棹：船桨。 [3]浮生：指飘浮不定的短暂人生。 Spring in Jade Pavilion Song Qi The scenery is getting fine east of the town; The rippling water greets boats rowing up and down. Beyond green willows morning chill is growing mild; On pink apricot branches spring is running wild. In our floating life scarce are pleasures we seek after. How can we value gold above a hearty laughter? I raise wine cup to ask the slanting sun to stay And leave among the flowers its departing ray. 注释： The poet values time above gold. 《玉楼春·春景》是宋代词人宋祁的词作。此词赞颂明媚的春光，表达了及时行乐的情趣。上阕描绘春日绚丽的景色。“东城”句，总说春光渐好；“縠皱”句专写春水之轻柔；“绿杨烟”与“红杏枝”相互映衬，层次疏密有致；“晓寒轻”与“春意闹”互为渲染，表现出春天生机勃勃的景象。下阕直抒惜春寻乐的情怀。“浮生”二字，点出珍惜年华之意；“为君”二句，明为怅怨，实是依恋春光，情极浓丽。全词收放自如，井井有条，用语华丽而不轻佻，言情直率而不扭捏，着墨不多而描景生动，把对时光的留恋、对美好人生的珍惜写得韵味十足，是当时誉满词坛的名作。 “Spring in Jade Pavilion” is a lyric by Song Qi of the Song Dynasty. This lyric praises the bright spring light and express...

画堂春 张先 外湖莲子长参差[1]， 霁山[2]青处鸥飞。 水天溶漾画桡迟[3]， 人影鉴[4]中移。 桃叶[5]浅声双唱， 杏红深色轻衣。 小荷障面避斜晖， 分得翠阴归。 注释： [1]参差：长短不齐的样子。 [2]霁山：雨后的山。 [3]“水天”句：溶漾，水波荡漾的样子。画桡，指画船。迟，行驶缓慢。 [4]鉴：镜。此处指如镜的湖面。 [5]桃叶：指《桃叶歌》。东晋王献之有爱妾桃叶，王献之为其作《桃叶歌》。 Spring in Painted Hall Zhang Xian The lotus blooms in outer lake grow high and low; After the rain over green hills fly the gulls white. The painted boats on rippling water slowly go; Our shadows move on mirror bright. Two maidens sing the song of peach leaf in voices low, Clad in light clothes apricot-red. They come back with green shadow fed.   注释： The poet describes the lake and two maidens gathering lotus seeds.

点绛唇 林逋 金谷 [1] 年年， 乱生春色谁为主？ 余花落处， 满地和烟雨。 又是离歌， 一阕长亭 [2] 暮。 王孙 [3] 去， 萋萋 [4] 无数， 南北东西路。   注释： [1] 金谷：金谷园。指西晋富豪石崇在洛阳建造的一座奢华别墅。石崇《金谷诗序》中说曾在金谷为客饯行。后来成了典故，南朝江淹《别赋》中便有“送客金谷”的说法。 [2] 长亭：亦称十里长亭。古人常在此设宴饯别，吟咏留赠。 [3] 王孙：对贵族公子的尊称，词中指出门远游之人。 [4] 萋萋：萋萋春草。古人常以此比喻离愁、远思。 Rouged Lips Lin Bu In the garden, from year to year, When spring runs riot, green grass will appear. The ground covered with fallen blooms, In mist and rain grass looms. Again we sing the farewell song, At dusk in the Pavilion Long. Gone is my friend. The grass still grows north, south, east, west without end.   注释： The poet thinks of his friend when he sees the grass he saw at parting. 《点绛唇·金谷年年》是北宋词人林逋的作品。词中蕴含着作者对人世沧桑、繁华富贵如过眼烟云之慨叹。全词以清新空灵的笔触，物中见情，寄寓深意，借吟咏春草抒写离愁别绪。整首词熔咏物与抒情于一炉，凄迷柔美的物象中寄寓惆怅伤春之情，渲染出绵绵不尽的离愁。此词是一首咏草的杰作，富有语言美和意境美，为历代读者传诵。 The poem “Rouged Lips” is a work by Lin Bu, a lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty. The lyric contains the author’s lament about the vicissitudes of the human world and the pro...

酒泉子 潘阆 长忆观潮 [1] ， 满郭 [2] 人争江上望。 来疑沧海尽成空， 万面鼓声中。 弄潮儿 [3] 向涛头立， 手把红旗旗不湿。 别来几向梦中看， 梦觉尚心寒。   注释： [1] 观潮：杭州湾钱塘江口的涌潮，为天下奇观。杭州自古有中秋观潮的风俗。 [2] 满郭：满城郭，城楼外围加筑的一道城墙。 [3] 弄潮儿：在水中迎潮戏浪的人。 Fountain of Wine (III) Pan Lang I still remember watching tidal bore, The town poured out on river shore. It seemed the sea had emptied all its water here, And thousands of drums were beating far and near. At the crest of huge billows the swimmers did stand, Yet dry remained red flags they held in hand. Come back, I saw in dreams the tide o’erflow the river, Awake, I feel my heart with fear still shiver.   注释： The poet describes how he enjoys the beauty of West Lake in the first poem, of West Mountain in the second and of the tidal bore in the third. 《酒泉子·长忆观潮》是宋代词人潘阆的词作。此词上片回忆观潮，表现了钱塘江的宏伟壮观；下片回忆弄潮，表现人定胜天的奇迹。全词以豪迈的气势和劲健的笔触，描绘了钱塘江潮涌的壮美风光以及弄潮儿的英勇无畏精神，具有很强的艺术感染力。 Fountain of Wine (III) is a lyric by Pan Lang of the Song Dynasty. The first piece recalls watching the tide, showing the magnificence of the ...

酒泉子 潘阆 长忆西山。 灵隐寺前三竺 [1] 后， 冷泉亭上旧曾游， 三伏似清秋。 白猿时见攀高树， 长啸一声何处去。 别来几向画图看， 终是欠峰峦。   注释： [1] 三竺：杭州灵隐山飞来峰东南有上天竺、中天竺和下天竺三座山，合称三竺，洞穴幽奇。 Fountain of Wine (II) Pan Lang I still remember West Mountain: Three bamboo groves in front, shady temple in rear. I’ve visited the Pavilion of Cold Fountain, Where summer’s cool as autumn clear. I’ve often seen white apes climb up high trees. Where are they gone after long, long cry? Can I find West Mountain in the picture, please? The painted mountain has no real peaks high. 《酒泉子·长忆西山》是北宋词人潘阆所创作的一首词，上片以“三伏似清秋”写出灵隐寺、玲泉亭古木参天，凉爽宜人；下片以白猿攀树，长啸远去，写灵隐山冷清幽静，最后以画不如真景，反衬灵隐山峰峦之美。该词词意含蓄沉稳，绘景采用白描、想象和反衬等表现手法，清幽神奇，自然美感。 The first piece uses the phrase “Fountain of Wine (II)” to describe the coolness of Lingyin Temple and Lingquan Pavilion with their ancient trees; the second piece uses white apes climbing the trees and whistling away to describe the coldness and quietness of Lingyin Mountain, and finally the beauty of the peaks of Lin...

酒泉子 潘阆 长忆西湖。 尽日 [1] 凭阑楼上望， 三三两两钓鱼舟， 岛屿正清秋。 笛声依约芦花里， 白鸟 [2] 成行忽惊起。 别来闲整钓鱼竿， 思入水云 [3] 寒。   注释： [1] 尽日：整天。 [2] 白鸟：白鹭，也叫鹭鸶，腿修长，能涉水捕食鱼虾等。 [3] 水云：指远方江面与天际云朵交会在一起的地方。 Fountain of Wine (I) Pan Lang I still remember West Lake, Where, leaning on the rails, I gazed without a break. Oh fishing boats in twos and threes And islets in clear autumn breeze. Among flowering reeds faint flute-songs rose, Startled white birds took flight in rows. Since I left, I’ve repaired my fishing rod at leisure, Thoughts of waves and clouds thrill me with pleasure. 《酒泉子·长忆西湖》是北宋词人潘阆的作品，为潘阆忆杭州组词十首之一。 此词借回忆写西湖美景，用水上渔舟、小岛秋光、笛声芦花、 白乌惊飞有机地组合构图。 此词用笛音贯穿下阕，声色俱韵， 内涵隽永。全词画面恬淡， 意蕴流转，表现了作者对西湖的神往和爱恋以及作者出尘的思想。 Jiuquanzi – Long Remembrance of West Lake” is a work by Pan Lang, a lyricist of the Northern Song Dynasty, and is one of the ten lyric pieces of Pan Lang’s remembrance of Hangzhou. The lyric is a reminiscence of the beautiful scenery of West Lake, which is organically composed with fishing boats...

叹花 杜牧 自恨寻芳去校迟， 不须惆怅 [1] 怨芳时。 狂风落尽深红色， 绿叶成阴子 [2] 满枝。 注释： [1] 惆怅：伤感；失意。 [2] 子：草木的果实，如《汉武故事》中有“因指谓上，王母种桃，三千年结一子”。 Sighing over Fallen Flowers Du Mu I regret to be late to seek for blooming spring; The flowers not in full bloom in years past I’ve seen. The strong wind blows down flowers which sway and swing, The tree will be laden with red fruit and leaves green. It was said that the poet met with a beautiful maiden and asked for her hand, but next year when he came she was married, so he compares the maiden to a tree with fruit. 《叹花》是唐代诗人杜牧创作的一首七绝。全诗四句二十八字。诗人借寻春迟到，芳华已逝，花开花落、子满枝头，喻少女青春已过，含蓄委婉地抒发机缘已误，时不再来的惆怅之情。此诗通篇采用“比”的手法，形象生动，含蓄自然，耐人寻味。 “Sighing over Fallen Flowers” is a seven-part poem written by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem is composed in four lines of twenty-eight characters. The poet makes use of the late search for spring, the passing of fragrant flowers, the blossoming and falling of flowers, and the fullness of children on the branches to describe the pass...

乐游原 [1] 李商隐 向晚 [2] 意不适 [3] ， 驱车登古原； 夕阳无限好， 只是近黄昏。 注释： [1] 乐游原：在长安城南，地势较高。《长安志》：“升平坊东北隅，汉乐游庙。”注云：“汉宣帝所立，因乐游苑为名。在高原上，余址尚有。……其地居京城之最高，四望宽敞。京城之内，俯视指掌。每正月晦日，三月三日，九月九日。京城士女咸就此登赏祓禊。” [2] 向晚：傍晚。 [3] 意不适：情绪不好。 On the Plain of Imperial Tombs Li Shangyin At dusk my heart is filled with gloom; I drive my cab to ancient tomb. The setting sun seems so sublime, But it is near its dying time. The Merry-making Plain was also called Plain of Imperial Tombs for emperors were buried there. The last two lines are proverbial as “He laughs best who laughs last.” 《乐游原》是唐代诗人李商隐的诗作。此诗赞美黄昏前的绮丽风光，表达自己的感受。前两句点出登原游览的原因：由于黄昏日暮心情不适，便驱车登上古原；后两句极力赞叹晚景之美：在夕阳余晖照耀下，涂抹上一层金色的世界。后两句诗历来脍炙人口，其意蕴非常丰富，具有极高的美学价值和思想价值。全诗语言明白如话，毫无雕饰，节奏明快，感喟深沉，富于哲理。 “On the Plain of Imperial Tombs” is a poem by Li Shangyin, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. This poem praises the beautiful scenery before dusk and expresses his feelings. The first two lines point out the reason for ascending to the plain: because of the discomfort at dusk and sun...

锦瑟 李商隐 锦瑟 [1] 无端 [2] 五十弦， 一弦一柱思华年 [3] 。 庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶 [4] ， 望帝春心托杜鹃 [5] 。 沧海月明珠有泪 [6] ， 蓝田日暖玉生烟 [7] 。 此情可待 [8] 成追忆， 只是当时已惘然。 注释： [1] 锦瑟：《周礼·乐器图》：“雅瑟二十三弦，颂瑟二十五弦，饰以宝玉者日宝瑟，绘文如锦者日锦瑟。”《汉书·郊祀志上》：“秦帝使素女鼓五十弦瑟，悲，帝禁不止，故破其瑟为二十五弦。”古瑟大小不等，弦数亦不同。一般说法，古瑟是五十条弦，后来的有二十五弦或十七弦等不同的瑟。 [2] 无端：没来由；无缘无故。此隐隐有悲伤之感，乃全诗之情感基调。 [3] “一弦”句：柱，是调整弦的音调高低的“支柱”，它把弦“架”住。“思”字应变读去声。律诗中不许有一连三个平声的出现。 [4] “庄生”句：《庄子·齐物论》：“庄用梦为蝴蝶，栩栩然蝴蝶也；自喻适志与！不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。不知周之梦为蝴蝶与？蝴蝶之梦为周与？”商隐此引庄周梦蝶故事，以言人生如梦，往事如烟之意。 [5] “望帝”句：望帝，古代蜀国的君主，名杜宇，传说他让位死后，化为杜鹃鸟，悲啼不已。春心，伤春之心。 [6] “沧海”句：相传珍珠是由南海鲛人（神话中的人鱼）的眼泪变成，古人还认为海里的蚌珠随月亮盈亏而有圆缺变化，这里糅合了以上的典故。 [7] “蓝田”句：蓝田，即蓝田山，在今陕西蓝田县，为有名的产玉之地。日暖玉生烟，相传宝玉埋在地下，在阳光的照耀下，良玉上空会出现烟云。 [8] 可待：岂待；何待。 The Sad Zither Li Shangyin Why should the sad zither have fifty strings? Each string, each strain evokes but vanished springs: Dim morning dream to be a butterfly; Amorous heart poured out in cuckoo’s cry. In moonlit pearls see tears in mermaid’s eyes; From sunburnt jade in Blue Field let smoke rise. Such feeling cannot be recalled again;...

将进酒 李贺 琉璃钟，琥珀浓，小槽酒滴真珠红。 烹龙炮凤玉脂泣，罗帏绣幕围香风。 吹龙笛，击鼍鼓 [1] ；皓齿歌，细腰舞。 况是青春日将暮，桃花乱落如红雨。 劝君终日酩酊醉，酒不到刘伶 [2] 坟上土！ 注释： [1] 鼍（tuó）鼓：鼍，即扬子鳄，产于长江中下游，亦称鼍龙，俗称猪婆龙。鼍鼓即鼍皮制成的鼓。 [2] 刘伶：魏晋时期的文坛领袖、“竹林七贤”之一。他酷好饮酒，自诩为“天生刘伶，以酒为名”。其每每外出饮酒，必带一小童背铁锹相随，告之曰：“死便埋我。”旷世骇俗，无出其右。 Drinking Song Li He A glazed cup full of amber wine, The strong drink drips like red pearls fine. The dragon boiled and phoenix roasted would weep; The fragrant breeze blows into broidered curtains deep. The dragon flute is played; Beaten the drums covered with alligator’s skin. The songstress sings with teeth as bright as jade, And dancers dance with waist as slender as hairpin. The prime of your life like the sun on the decline, Peach blossoms fall pell-mell like rain of petals pink. So I advise you to get drunk with wine. When buried in the grave, what could you take to drink? This imaginative song is full of sensual beauty. The reader may see amber wine and red pearls, hear the drink drip and the phoenix weep, smell the fragrant breeze and to...

官街鼓 李贺 晓声隆隆催转日， 暮声隆隆催月出。 汉城 [1] 黄柳映新帘， 柏陵 [2] 飞燕埋香骨。 捶碎千年日长白， 孝武秦王听不得。 从君翠发芦花色， 独共南山 [3] 守中国。 几回天上葬神仙， 漏声 [4] 相将无断缘。 注释： [1] 汉城：指唐都城长安。 [2] 柏陵：指坟墓。 [3] 南山：指终南山。西起甘肃省天水，东至河南省陕县，绵亘千余里。 [4] 漏声：铜壶滴漏的声音。滴漏是古代计时的漏器，用铜壶盛水滴漏来计时刻。 Official Drums Li He At dawn official drumbeats hasten the sunrise; At dusk the booming drums call the moon to the skies. When yellow willows put forth new buds in the town, In tomb is buried the favorite of the crown. The drums have boomed a thousand years, still shines the sun, But ancient emperors of Qin and Han have done. Your hair once black may turn white as reed flowers stand, The drums with southern hills will ever guard our land. Even immortals were buried in the sky, The drumbeats and the water-clock will never die. The time-marking drumbeats, says the poet, will last longer than imperial dynasty and human life. 《官街鼓》是唐代诗人李贺创作的一首七古。此诗前六句写鼓声朝朝暮暮响不停，催转日月，草木生长、人之老死的正常现象，以及追求长生的秦始皇、汉武帝的老死，讽刺昔日帝王讲神仙、求长生的愚妄。后四句写人生变化生发，人的头发由黑变白，更言神仙也会老死，从根本上否定追求长生，迷信神仙的愚蠢行为。全诗构思奇巧，...

与梦得沽 [1] 酒闲饮且约后期 白居易 少时犹不忧生计， 老去谁能惜酒钱？ 共把十千沽一斗， 相看七十欠三年。 闲征雅令穷经史， 醉听清吟胜管弦。 更待菊黄家酿熟， 共君一醉一陶然 [2] 。 注释： [1] 梦得：刘禹锡，字梦得，与白居易同龄。开成二年（837），白、刘（六十七岁，故云“相看七十欠三年”）同在洛阳。刘任太子宾客分司，白任太子少傅，都是闲职，故得“闲饮且约后期”。 [2] 陶然：舒畅快乐的样子。 Drinking Together with Liu Yuxi Bai Juyi While young, I was not worded about livelihood. Old now, how could I grudge money for buying wine? Let’s spend ten thousand coins for a jarful of drink good! Looking in face, two years more we’ll be sixty-nine. We read and play the drinkers’ wager game at leisure; Drunk, we listen to verse better than music light. When chrysanthemums yellow, may 1 have the pleasure To invite you to drink my home-brew with delight? The poet expresses his delight in drinking together with an old friend. 《与梦得沽酒闲饮且约后期》是唐代诗人白居易所作的一首七律。这首诗首联写人生不同时段的感受；颔联、颈联明写“醉听清吟”对饮的乐趣，暗含对政治上遭冷遇的不满；尾联紧扣题意，作者把眼前的聚会引向未来，把友情和诗意推向高峰。尾句的“一醉一陶然”，既表达了作者对挚友的深情厚谊，又表现出作者在现实面前的哀伤和愁苦。全诗言简意赅，语淡情深。 The poem “Drinking Together with Liu Yuxi” is a seven-line poem written by Bai Juyi...

琵琶行 白居易 浔阳江 [1] 头夜送客， 枫叶荻花 [2] 秋瑟瑟。 主人下马客在船， 举酒欲饮无管弦。 醉不成欢惨将别， 别时茫茫江浸月。 忽闻水上琵琶声， 主人忘归客不发。 寻声暗问弹者谁？ 琵琶声停欲语迟 [3] 。 移船相近邀相见， 添酒回灯重开宴。 千呼万唤始出来， 犹抱琵琶半遮面。 转轴拨弦三两声， 未成曲调先有情。 弦弦掩抑声声思， 似诉平生不得志。 低眉信手续续弹， 说尽心中无限事。 轻拢慢捻抹复挑 [4] ， 初为《霓裳》后《六幺》 [5] 。 大弦嘈嘈如急雨 [6] ， 小弦切切如私语。 嘈嘈切切 [7] 错杂弹， 大珠小珠落玉盘。 间关莺语花底滑 [8] ， 幽咽泉流水下滩 [9] 。 水泉冷涩弦凝绝， 凝绝不通声暂歇。 别有幽愁暗恨生， 此时无声胜有声。 银瓶乍破水浆迸 [10] ， 铁骑突出刀枪鸣。 曲终收拨当心画 [11] ， 四弦一声如裂帛。 东船西舫悄无言， 唯见江心秋月白。 沉吟放拨插弦中 [12] ， 整顿衣裳起敛容。 自言本是京城女， 家在虾蟆陵 [13] 下住。 十三学得琵琶成， 名属教坊第一部 [14] 。 曲罢常教善才伏 [15] ， 妆成每被秋娘 [16] 妒。 五陵年少争缠头 [17] ， 一曲红绡 [18] 不知数。 钿头银篦击节碎 [19] ， 血色罗裙翻酒污。 今年欢笑复明年， 秋月春风等闲度。 弟走从军阿姨死， 暮去朝来颜色故。 门前冷落车马稀， 老大嫁作商人妇。 商人重利轻别离， 前月浮梁 [20] 买茶去。 去来江口守空船， 绕船月明江水寒。 夜深忽梦少年事， 梦啼妆泪红阑干 [21] 。 我闻琵琶已叹息， 又闻此语重唧唧 [22] 。 同是天涯沦落人， 相逢何必曾相识！ 我从去年辞帝京， 谪居卧病浔阳城。 浔阳地僻无音乐， 终岁不闻丝竹声。 住近湓江地低湿， 黄芦苦竹绕宅生。 其间旦暮闻何物？ 杜鹃 [23] 啼血猿哀鸣。 春江花朝秋月夜， 往往取酒还独倾。 岂无山歌与村笛？ 呕哑嘲哳 [24] 难为听。 今夜闻君琵琶语， 如听仙乐耳暂明。 莫辞更坐弹一曲， 为君翻作 [25] 琵琶行。 感我此言良久立， 却坐 [26] 促弦弦转急。 凄凄不似向前声， 满座重闻皆掩泣。 座中泣下谁最多， 江州司马 [27] 青衫湿。 注释： [1] 浔阳江：长江流经浔阳郡境内的一段。 [2] 荻（dí）花：荻是水生植物...

竹枝词九首（其七） 刘禹锡 瞿塘 [1] 嘈嘈 [2] 十二滩， 此中道路古来难。 长恨人心不如水， 等闲平地起波澜。 注释： [1] 瞿塘：瞿塘峡，又名夔峡，西起奉节白帝城，东至巫山县大溪镇，全长八公里。瞿塘峡是三峡中最短、最窄、最险的峡谷。 [2] 嘈嘈：流水发出的嘈杂声。 Bamboo Branch Song （Ⅶ） Liu Yuxi From beach to beach the torrent splashes down its way; It’s hard to sail in the Three Gorges since olden day. But human heart is more dangerous than a whirlpool; You may be drowned in it though it seems calm and cool. The poet compares human heart to a dangerous whirlpool.

登科后 孟郊 昔日龌龊 [1] 不足夸， 今朝放荡 [2] 思无涯。 春风得意马蹄疾， 一日看尽长安花。 注释： [1] 龌龊（wò chuò）：本指齿相近，这里指登科前处境不如意。思想行为拘束、局促。 [2] 放荡：自由自在，不受拘束。与“旷荡”、“放达”义近。但不同于现代的“放浪”的意思。 Successful at the Civil Service Examinations Meng Jiao Gone are all my past woes! What more have I to say? My body and my mind enjoy their fill today. Successful, faster runs my horse in vernal breeze; I’ve seen within one day all flowers on the trees. This is the most balanced verse in Tang poetry. 《登科后》是唐代诗人孟郊于贞元十二年（796年）进士及第时所作的一首七绝。此诗前两句将作者过去失意落拓的处境和现今考取功名的得意情境进行今昔对比，突现今朝跃入新天地时的思绪沸腾；后两句说他在春风里洋洋得意地跨马疾驰，一天就看完了长安的似锦繁花，表现出极度欢快的心情。全诗节奏轻快，一气呵成，在“思苦奇涩”的孟诗中别具一格。 The first two lines of the poem contrast the author’s past disillusionment and his present success. The first two lines of the poem compare the author’s past disillusioned and desolate situation with his present success in the examinations, highlighting the boiling thoughts of the present day when he leaps into a new world; the second two lines say that he proudly galloped on...

登高 [1] 杜甫 风急天高猿啸哀 [2] ， 渚 [3] 清沙白鸟飞回 [4] 。 无边落木萧萧下 [5] ， 不尽长江滚滚来。 万里悲秋常作客 [6] ， 百年 [7] 多病独登台。 艰难苦恨繁霜鬓 [8] ， 潦倒新停浊酒杯 [9] 。 注释： [1] 登高：指农历九月九日重阳节登高。 [2] 猿啸哀：三峡多猿，啼声凄厉哀切。 [3] 渚：水中沙洲。 [4] 鸟飞回：因风急所以飞鸟盘旋。 [5] “无边”句：无边，无边无际。落木，落叶。萧萧，落叶声。 [6] 客：旅居在外的人，这里是诗人自指。 [7] 百年：一生。 [8] “艰难”句：艰难，指长期漂泊在外所经历的艰难困苦。苦恨，深恨。繁霜鬓，白发增多。 [9] “潦倒”句：潦倒，失意、衰颓。新停浊酒杯。诗人因肺病而戒酒。 On the Height Du Fu The wind so swift, the sky so wide, apes wail and cry; Water so clear and beach so white, birds wheel and fly. The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower; The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour. A thousand miles from home, I’m grieved at autumn’s plight; Ill now and then for years, alone I’m on this height. Living in times so hard, at frosted hair I pine; Cast down by poverty, I have to give up wine. This is the most balanced verse in Tang poetry. 《登高》是唐代诗人杜甫的诗作。此诗作于大历二年（767）作者在夔州之时。前四句写景，述登高见闻，紧扣秋天的季节特色，描绘了江边空旷寂寥的景致。首联为局部近景，颔联为整体远景。后四句抒情，写登高所感，围绕作者自己的身世遭遇，抒发了穷困潦倒、年老多病、流寓他乡的悲哀之情。颈联自伤身世，将前四句写景所蕴含的比兴、象征、暗示之意...

曲江二首 （其一） 杜甫 一片花飞减却 [1] 春， 风飘万点正愁人。 且看欲尽花经眼 [2] ， 莫厌伤多酒 [3] 入唇。 江上小堂巢翡翠 [4] ， 苑边高冢卧麒麟 [5] 。 细推 [6] 物理 [7] 须行乐， 何用浮荣绊此身？ 注释： [1] 却：去，掉。 [2] “且看”句：且看，但看。欲尽花，将要落尽的花。欲，将。经眼，打眼前经过。 [3] 伤多酒：过量的酒。伤，过度、过量。这句说，不要腻烦过多的酒入口。 [4] “江上”句：小堂，指曲江的楼堂建筑。巢，鸟做窝。翡翠，鸟名，喙长而直，有蓝色和绿色的羽毛，羽毛可做装饰品。 [5] “苑边”句：苑，指唐代的宫苑芙蓉苑，又叫芙蓉园，在曲江西南。高冢，或指杜陵汉宣帝墓，墓近芙蓉苑。卧麒麟，古代帝王及贵族坟墓的墓道两旁，都立有石兽。这里说麒麟一类的石兽已经倒卧在地了。 [6] 推：推究。 [7] 物理：事物盛衰变化之理。 The Winding River （Ⅰ） Du Fu Spring fades when petals on petals fly as they please; It grieves me to see dots on dots waft in the breeze. Enjoy the blooms passing away before your eyes; Do not refuse to drown your grief in wine and sighs! In the riverside halls kingfishers build their nest; Before the tomb the stone animals lie at rest. The law of Nature tells us to enjoy as we may. Why spoil our joy by sheer vanity of the day? The poet tells us to enjoy delight on the Winding River while we may. 曲江二首（其二） 杜甫 朝回日日典春衣 [1] ，每日江头尽醉归。 酒债寻常行处有 [2] ，人生七十古来稀。 穿花蛱蝶深深见 [3] ，点水蜻蜓款款 [4] 飞。 传语风光共流转 [5] ，暂时相赏莫相违 [...

拟古十二首（其九） 李白 生者为过客，死者为归人。 天地一逆旅 [1] ，同悲万古尘。 月兔空捣药，扶桑 [2] 已成薪。 白骨寂无言，青松岂知春。 前后更叹息，浮荣何足珍？ 注释： [1] 逆旅：旅舍。逆，迎。古人以生为寄，以死为归，如《尸子》：“老菜子曰：人生于天地之间，寄也；寄者固归也。”又如《古诗》：“人生天地间，忽如远行客。”此用其意。 [2] 扶桑：东方的一棵神树，此树位于东方大海一座山的温泉山谷中，太阳由此升腾而起。 Life and Death （Ⅸ） Li Bai The living are but passers-by, And those are going home who die. The sky and earth are hotels just For all to grieve over age-old dust. The Moon Goddess lives long in vain; The sacred tree’s cut down with pain. The bleached bones can nor speak nor sing. Could green pines feel the warmth of spring? Ancestors and posterity, Don’t prize but sigh for vanity! This is a philosophical poem in which the poet equalizes life and death, imagines the sacred tree cut down, from which rose the sun, and sighs for the vanity of man.

月下独酌 [1] 四首（其一） 李白 花间一壶酒， 独酌无相亲。 举杯邀明月， 对影成三人 [2] 。 月既 [3] 不解 [4] 饮， 影徒随我身。 暂伴月将 [5] 影， 行乐须及春。 我歌月徘徊， 我舞影零乱。 醒时同交欢 [6] ， 醉后各分散。 永结无情 [7] 游， 相期 [8] 邈 [9] 云汉 [10] 。 注释： [1] 独酌：一个人饮酒。 [2] 成三人：明月和我以及我的影子恰是三人。 [3] 既：且。 [4] 不解：不懂。 [5] 将：和。 [6] 交欢：一起欢乐。 [7] 无情：忘却世情。 [8] 相期：相约。 [9] 邈：遥远。 [10] 云汉：银河。 Drinking Alone under the Moon （Ⅰ） Li Bai Among the flowers, from a pot of wine I drink without a companion of mine. I raise my cup to invite the Moon who blends Her light with my Shadow and we’re three friends. The Moon does not know how to drink her share; In vain my Shadow follows me here and there. Together with them for the time I stay, And make merry before spring’s spent away. I sing and the Moon lingers to hear my song; My Shadow’s a mess while I dance along. Sober, we three remain cheerful and gay; Drunken, we part and each may go his way. Our friendship will outshine all earthly love; Next time we’ll meet beyond the stars above. The lonely poet thinks it happy to drink with the moon and hi...

江上吟 李白 木兰之枻沙棠舟 [1] ，玉箫金管 [2] 坐两头。 美酒尊中置千斛 [3] ，载妓随波任去留。 仙人有待乘黄鹤 [4] ，海客无心随白鸥 [5] 。 屈平词赋悬日月 [6] ，楚王台榭 [7] 空山丘。 兴酣落笔摇五岳 [8] ，诗成笑傲凌 [9] 沧洲 [10] 。 功名富贵若长在，汉水 [11] 亦应西北流。 注释： [1] 木兰之枻（yì）沙棠舟：木兰，又名玉兰，落叶乔木，高丈余。枻，船桨。沙棠，树名，古代传说，人吃了它的果实，可入水不溺。木兰枻、沙棠舟，形容船和桨的名贵。 [2] 玉箫金管：指吹箫、笛等乐器的人。 [3] 斛（hú）：旧量器，方形，口小底大。十斗为一斛。 [4] “仙人”句：有待，语出《庄子·逍遥游》，意谓等待外力的帮助。黄鹤，湖北武汉武昌西有武昌山，山西北有黄鹤矶，峭立江中。传说仙人王子安乘黄鹤过此。本句是说：仙人骑黄鹤而飞行．还必须依靠外力（黄鹤）的帮助，并未得到真正的自由。 [5] “海客”句：《列子·黄帝篇》中有则寓言说，古时海边有一个人非常喜欢鸥鸟，每天清晨到海边，与鸥鸟游戏，常有成百白鸥飞集他身旁。这里诗人以海客自比。 [6] “屈平”句：屈平，即屈原，平是名，原是字。悬日月，如日月高悬，光辉四照。 [7] 楚王台榭（xiè）：指战国时楚王游憩的台榭。榭，建筑在台上的房屋。 [8] 五岳：指东岳泰山、西岳华山、南岳衡山、北岳恒山、中岳嵩山，此处泛指山岳。 [9] 凌：凌驾的意思。 [10] 沧洲：泛指江海之地。 [11] 汉水：汉江，源出陕西宁强，东流到襄阳与白河汇合，南流由汉阳入长江。 Song on the River Li Bai In a ship of spice-wood with unsinkable oars, Musicians at both ends, we drift along the shores. We have sweet wine with singing girls to drink our fill, And so the waves may carry us wherever they will. Immortals could not fly without their yellow crane; Unselfish men might follow white gulls...

日出入行 [1] 李白 日出东方隈 [2] ， 似从地底来。 历天又复入西海， 六龙 [3] 所舍安在哉？ 其始与终古不息， 人非元气 [4] ， 安得与之久徘徊！ 草不谢荣于春风 [5] ， 木不怨落于秋天。 谁挥鞭策驱四运 [6] ， 万物兴歇皆自然。 羲和 [7] ！羲和！ 汝奚汩没于荒淫之波 [8] ？ 鲁阳何德， 驻景挥戈？ 逆道违天 [9] ， 矫诬实多。 吾将囊括大块 [10] ， 浩然与溟涬同科。 注释： [1] 这是一首以乐府旧题抒发自我感慨的古体诗。《日出入》是乐府《汉郊祀歌》旧题，原诗大意谓：日之出入无有穷期，人命却很短促，故希望乘六龙升仙入天。李白此诗一反其意，指出日之无穷和人生短促都是自然规律，故主张顺应自然。 [2] 隈（wēi）：山或河转弯的地方。 [3] 六龙：古代神话传说认为日乘车，以六龙驾之。 [4] 元气：天地未分前的混沌之气。 [5] 谢荣于春风：因为开花而向春风表示感谢。荣，草木开花。这两句诗，语出《庄子·内篇·大宗师》郭象注：“故圣人之在天下，暖焉若阳春之自和，故蒙泽者不谢；凄乎若秋霜之自降，故凋落者不怨也。” [6] 四运：指春、夏、秋、冬四时的运行。 [7] 羲和：神话传说中掌管太阳运行的神。 [8] “汝奚”句：奚，疑问副词，为什么。汩没，沉没。荒淫，这里是广大无边的意思。相传太阳没入虞渊之中。 [9] “逆道”句：道，指自然规律。天，指自然界。 [10] “吾将”二句：囊括；包罗。这里用以形容胸怀的广阔。大块，宇宙。浩然，这里也是用来形容胸怀的广阔。溟涬（xìnɡ），天地未形成前，自然之气混混沌沌的样子，泛指自然之气。同科，同类。 Song of Sunrise and Sunset Li Bai From the east the sun comes around; It seems to rise from underground. Crossing the sky, it sinks in the sea of the west. Where could the six dragons driving it take their rest? It never changes from beginning to end. Man is not a spirit, Could he accompany it As...

行路难 李白 大道如青天， 我独不得出。 羞逐长安社中儿， 赤鸡白狗 [1] 赌梨粟。 弹剑作歌 [2] 奏苦声， 曳裾王门 [3] 不称情。 淮阴市井笑韩信 [4] ， 汉朝公卿忌贾生 [5] 。 君不见昔时燕家重郭隗 [6] ， 拥彗折节 [7] 无嫌猜。 剧辛乐毅 [8] 感恩分， 输肝剖胆效英才。 昭王白骨萦蔓草， 谁人更扫黄金台 [9] 。 行路难，归去来。 注释： [1] 赤鸡自狗：指当时斗鸡走狗的博戏。 [2] 弹剑作歌：战国时齐公子孟尝君门下食客冯谖曾屡次弹剑作歌怨己不如意。《史记》：“冯谖闻孟尝君好客，蹑履而见之，孟尝君置传舍十日，孟尝君问传舍长曰：客何所为，答曰：冯先生甚贫，犹有一剑耳。又蒯缑，弹其剑而歌曰：长铗归来乎，食无鱼。孟尝君迁之幸舍，食有鱼矣。五日又问传舍长，答曰：客复弹剑而歌曰：长铗归来乎，出无舆。孟尝君迁之代舍，出入乘舆车矣。五日孟尝君复问传舍长，答曰：先生又尝弹剑而歌曰：长铗归来乎，无以为家。盂尝君不悦。” [3] 曳裾王门：寄食公卿王侯门下。裾，长裙。《汉书》：“邹阳曰：饰固陋之心，则何王之门不可曳长裾乎？” [4] “淮阴”句：地名。即今江苏淮阴县。汉封韩信为淮阴侯，即此。韩信，汉初淮阴人，少时受辱胯下，全市皆笑韩信怯懦，后为大将。《史记》：“韩信淮阴人，淮阴屠中少年有侮信者，曰：若虽长大，好带刀剑，中情怯耳。众辱之曰：信能死，刺我，不能死，出我胯下。于是，信熟视之，俯出胯下，蒲伏。一市人皆笑信，以为怯。” [5] 贾生：洛阳贾谊，曾上书汉文帝，劝其改制兴礼，受大臣反对。《史记》：“天子议以为贾生任公卿之位，绛、灌、东阳侯、冯敬之属尽害之，乃短贾生曰：洛阳之人，年少初学，专欲擅权，纷乱诸事。于是天子后亦疏之，不用其议。” [6] 郭隗（wěi）：战国时燕人，昭王筑台师事之，乐毅、剧辛等闻风而至，燕以大治。 [7] 拥彗折节：比喻谦恭下士。彗，扫帚。拥彗，长者未来之前，持帚扫尘，以示恭敬。折节，弯腰，降低身份，礼待臣下。燕昭王曾亲自扫路，恐灰尘飞扬，用衣袖挡帚，以礼迎贤士邹衍。《史记》：“邹衍如燕，燕昭王拥彗先驱。” [8] 剧辛乐毅：皆战国时人。燕昭王招贤者，剧辛自赵往任国政。乐毅为燕昭王卿，率五国兵伐齐，下齐七十余城。 [9] 黄金台：在易水东南，燕昭王置千金于台上，以招揽天下士。 Hard Is the Way of th...