Tang poems and Song Ci

过华清宫 [1] 绝句（其一） 杜牧 长安回望绣成堆 [2] ， 山顶千门次第开。 一骑红尘 [3] 妃子笑， 无人知是荔枝来。 注释： [1] 华清宫：故址在陕西临潼骊山之上，原称温泉宫，天宝六年（747）改名为华清宫。 [2] 绣成堆：骊山左侧有西绣岭，右侧有东绣岭。唐玄宗时，岭上广植树木花卉，远远望去，犹如锦绣。唐玄宗李隆基和妃子杨玉环常来游乐。 [3] 红尘：飞扬的尘土。 The Spring Palace （Ⅰ） Du Mu Viewed from afar, the hill’s paved with brocade in piles; The palace doors on hilltops opened one by one. A steed which raised red dust won the fair mistress’ smiles. How many steeds which brought her fruit died on the run! 过华清宫绝句（其二） 杜牧 新丰 [1] 绿树起黄埃， 数骑渔阳 [2] 探使回。 霓裳 [3] 一曲千峰上， 舞破中原始下来。 注释： [1] 新丰：唐县名，在陕西临潼东北，与华清宫相距不远。 [2] 渔阳：唐郡名，在河北蓟州附近，所辖之地在今北京东面，包括蓟县、平谷等，当时是安禄山的根据地。 [3] 霓裳：《霓裳羽衣曲》。 The Spring Palace （Ⅱ） Du Mu Yellow dust raised by the steeds veiled trees like a screen; The messenger deceived came to deceive the crown. The Song of Rainbow Cloak over a thousand peaks green Would not stop till the Central Plain was broken down. The report said that General An Lushan would rise in revolt and the Bright Emperor sent messengers to An’s headquarters, who, bribed by An, rep...

汴河亭 [1] 许浑 广陵 [2] 花盛帝 [3] 东游， 先劈昆仑一派流。 百二禁兵 [4] 辞象阙 [5] ， 三千宫女下龙舟。 凝云鼓震星辰动， 拂浪旗开日月浮。 四海义师 [6] 归有道， 迷楼 [7] 还似景阳楼 [8] 。 注释： [1] 汴（biàn）河亭：隋炀帝在汴河之滨建造的行宫。汴河，又称汴水、汴渠、通济渠，自今河南荥阳市北引黄河水东南流，经开封、商丘、夏邑与今安徽宿州市、泗县及江苏泗洪，至盱眙县境入淮河及洪泽湖。 [2] 广陵：今扬州。 [3] 帝：指隋炀帝杨广。 [4] 禁兵：中国古代皇帝的亲兵，即侍卫宫中及护从的军队。 [5] 象阙：这里代指隋宫。 [6] 义师：隋末农民起义军。 [7] 迷楼：隋炀帝建在今扬州纵欲玩乐的宫殿。 [8] 景阳楼：南朝陈后主在今南京所建的宫殿。 Royal Pavilion on the Great Canal Xu Hun The emperor went east to see the flowering town; Mount Kunlun was cleft to let its water flow down. Royal escorts leaving the palace went afloat; Three thousand maids of honor mounted the dragon boat. Drums were beaten to make clouds tremble and stars shiver; Flags caressed waves, sun and moon floated on the river. But by revolting armies the empire overthrown, The emperor in the pavilion lost his crown. This is a satire against the last emperor of the Sui Dynasty who lost his crown in 618. 《汴河亭》是唐代诗人许浑创作的一首七律。这首诗描绘了隋炀帝杨广东游广陵的盛况，凭吊古迹，婉转劝讽，抒发感慨。前三联写隋炀帝游幸江都豪奢情状。先写兴起游兴，再写劈昆仑、修运河，前拥后簇的奢侈豪华场面。尾联卒章显志，以四...

老夫采玉歌 李贺 采玉采玉须水碧 [1] ， 琢作步摇徒好色 [2] 。 老夫饥寒龙为愁， 蓝溪水气无清白 [3] 。 夜雨冈头食蓁子 [4] ， 杜鹃口血 [5] 老夫泪。 蓝溪之水厌生人 [6] ， 身死千年恨溪水。 斜山柏风雨如啸 [7] ， 泉脚挂绳青袅袅 [8] 。 村寒白屋念娇婴 [9] ， 古台石磴悬肠草 [10] 。 注释： [1] 水碧：碧玉名。 [2] “琢作”句：琢作，雕琢成。步摇，贵族妇女的首饰，用银丝穿宝玉作花枝形，插在头上，走路时随步摇动，增加美感。徒好色，仅仅使贵妇容貌美丽。 [3] “蓝溪”句：蓝溪，今陕西省蓝田县西蓝田山下，出产美玉。无清白，清白不分，指溪水混浊。 [4] 蓁（zhēn）子：榛树的果实。 [5] 杜鹃口血：杜鹃的喙是红色，啼叫声悲切，所以人们称杜鹃啼血。 [6] 厌生人：溺死了许多人。 [7] “斜山”句：斜山，陡峭的山崖。柏风，柏林中的风雨。 [8] “泉脚”句：泉脚，从山崖上流下的瀑水。挂绳，采玉工人身系绳索，从山崖垂到溪水之中。青袅袅（niǎo），形容人攀着绳索飘摇不定的样子。 [9] “村寒”句：白屋，简陋的房屋。娇婴，言娇儿。 [10] “古台”句：石磴（dènɡ），山路的石级。悬肠草，蔓生植物，又名思子蔓。 Song of an Old Jade-digger Li He He digs up jade, he digs up jade in water green To make a headdress for a lady or a queen. When he’s hungry and cold, the dragon would be sad; Nor clear nor pure, the water of Blue Creek turns bad. He eats hazelnuts when it rains in mountains deep; With tears like the blood shed by the cuckoo, he’d weep. The Blue Creek dislikes a digger when he appears; He too dislikes it though dead for a thousand years. By the mountain...

秦王 [1] 饮酒 李贺 秦王骑虎游八极 [2] ，剑光照空天自碧。 羲和敲日玻璃声 [3] ，劫灰飞尽古今平 [4] 。 龙头泻酒邀酒星 [5] ，金槽琵琶夜枨枨 [6] 。 洞庭雨脚来吹笙，酒酣喝月使倒行。 银云栉栉瑶殿明 [7] ，宫门掌事 [8] 报一更。 花楼玉凤声娇狞 [9] ，海绡红文 [10] 香浅清， 黄鹅跌舞千年觥 [11] 。仙人烛树 [12] 蜡烟轻， 清琴 [13] 醉眼泪泓泓 [14] 。 注释： [1] 秦王：秦始皇。 [2] 八极：四面八方，这里指天下各地。 [3] “羲和”句：羲和，传说为太阳驾车的神。敲日，鞭打着太阳。玻璃声，发出敲打玻璃的声音。 [4] “劫灰”句：劫灰，劫火的余灰。飞尽，灾难结束。 [5] 酒星：传说中主管饮宴的星君。 [6] “金槽”句：金槽，用金装饰琵琶上端架弦的地方。枨枨（chénɡ），琵琶声。 [7] “银云”句：银云，映着月光的云彩。栉栉（zhì），排列整齐的样子。瑶殿，华美的宫殿。 [8] 宫门掌事：掌管宫里杂事的人。 [9] “花楼”句：玉凤，歌女。娇狞，歌声婉转。 [10] 海绡（xiāo）红文：用海绡纱做的红色花纹的舞衣。 [11] “黄鹅”句：黄鹅，即黄娥，歌姬舞女。跌舞，献酒时的舞蹈动作。觥（ɡōnɡ），酒器。 [12] 仙人烛树：指高大的烛台。 [13] 清琴：借指宫女。 [14] 泪泓泓（hónɡ）：眼泪汪汪。 The Drinking Song of the King of Qin Li He The King of Qin rode the tiger to eight Poles high: His sword shone in the air and brightened the blue sky. His driver struck the sun with a glass-breaking sound; All were reduced to ashes on the battleground. Stars were invited to drink wine poured from dragon’s head; The golden pipa played at night would grieve the dead. The rain treading on Dongt...

悯 [1] 农（其一） 李绅 春种一粒粟 [2] ， 秋收万颗子 [3] 。 四海无闲田， 农夫犹 [4] 饿死。 注释： [1] 悯（mǐn）：哀怜。 [2] 粟：种子。 [3] 万颗子：万颗粮食。 [4] 犹：仍然。 The Peasants （Ⅰ） Li Shen Each seed when sown in spring, Will make autumn yields high. What will fertile fields bring? Of hunger peasants die. 悯农（其二） 李绅 锄禾 [1] 日当午 [2] ， 汗滴禾下土。 谁知盘中餐 [3] ， 粒粒皆辛苦。 注释： [1] 禾：禾苗。 [2] 日当午：指中午。 [3] 餐：饭菜。 The Peasants （Ⅱ） Li Shen At noon they weed with hoes; Their sweat drips on the soil. Each bowl of rice, who knows? Is the fruit of hard toil. The poet sympathizes with peasants who toil all the year around but die of hunger. 《悯农二首》是唐代诗人李绅的组诗作品。这组诗深刻地反映了中国封建时代农民的生存状态。第一首诗具体而形象地描绘了到处硕果累累的景象，突出了农民辛勤劳动获得丰收却两手空空、惨遭饿死的现实问题；第二首诗描绘了在烈日当空的正午农民田里劳作的景象，概括地表现了农民终年辛勤劳动的生活，最后以 语近意深的格言，表达了诗人对农民真挚的同情之心。组诗选取了比较典型的生活细节和人们熟知的事实，集中地刻画了当时社会的矛盾。风格简朴厚重，语言通俗质朴，音节和谐明快，并运用了虚实结合与对比手法，增强了诗的表现力。 这两首诗不仅在民间广泛流传，在中国文学史上亦有一定影响，近代以来更是多次入选义务教育语文教科书。 Two Poems on “The Peasants” is a group of poems by Li Shen, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem reflects profoundly the livi...

卖炭翁 白居易 卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山 [1] 中。 满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍 [2] 十指黑。 卖炭得钱何所营？身上衣裳口中食。 可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。 夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车辗冰辙 [3] 。 牛困人饥日已高，市南门 [4] 外泥中歇。 翩翩两骑来是谁？黄衣使者白衫儿 [5] 。 手把文书口称敕 [6] ，回车叱牛牵向北 [7] 。 一车炭，千余斤，宫使驱将惜不得 [8] 。 半匹 [9] 红纱一丈绫，系 [10] 向牛头充炭直 [11] ！ 注释： [1] 南山：终南山。 [2] 苍苍：形容鬓发斑白。 [3] 辗（niǎn）冰辙（zhé）：轧着结冰的车道行走。 [4] 市南门：唐代长安有东、西两个市场，每个市场都有东、南、西、北门。 [5] “黄衣”句：黄衣使者，指太监，唐代级别较高的太监穿黄衣。白衫儿，太监手下的爪牙。 [6] “手把”句：口称敕（chì），嘴里说着皇帝的命令。敕，君主的诏命。 [7] 牵向北：唐代长安市场在城南，宫廷在城北，所以叱牛向北行。 [8] “宫使”句：宫使，即上面所说的黄衣使者。驱将，把牛车赶走。将，语气助词。 [9] 半匹：唐代四丈为一匹，半匹为二丈。 [10] 系（jì）：绑扎。 [11] 直：同“值”。 The Old Charcoal Seller Bai Juyi What does the old man fare? He cuts the wood in southern hill and fires his ware. His face is grimed with smoke and streaked with ash and dust, His temples grizzled and his fingers all turned black. The money earned by selling charcoal is not just Enough for food for his mouth and clothing for his back. Though his coat is thin, he hopes winter will set in, For cold weather will keep up the charcoals good price. At night a foot ...

买花 白居易 帝城 [1] 春欲暮，喧喧车马度。 共道牡丹时，相随买花去。 贵贱无常价，酬直 [2] 看花数。 灼灼 [3] 百朵红，戋戋五束素 [4] 。 上张幄幕 [5] 庇 [6] ，旁织笆篱护。 水洒复泥封 [7] ，移来色如故。 家家习为俗，人人迷不悟。 有一田舍翁 [8] ，偶来买花处。 低头独长叹，此叹无人谕。 一丛深色花，十户中人赋 [9] ！ 注释： [1] 帝城：指京城长安。 [2] 酬直：酬值。 [3] 灼灼（zhuó）：形容花鲜艳有光彩的样子。 [4] “戋戋（jiān）”句：戋戋，众多的样子。束，量词，古时帛五匹为一束。素，白绸子。 [5] 幄幕：帐篷。 [6] 庇（bì）：庇护。 [7] 泥封：用土培植。 [8] 田舍翁：老农。 [9] 中人赋：中等人家一年缴的赋税。唐时赋税，按户口征收，分为上户、中户、下户。（《旧唐书·食货志》） Buying Flowers Bai Juyi The capital’s in parting spring, Steeds run and neigh and cab bells ring. Peonies are at their best hours And people rush to buy the flowers. They do not care about the price, Just count and buy those which seem nice. For hundred blossoms dazzling red, Twenty-five rolls of silk they spread. Sheltered above by curtains wide, Protected with fences by the side, Roots sealed with mud, with water sprayed, Removed, their beauty does not fade. Accustomed to this way for long, No family e’er thinks it wrong. What’s the old peasant doing there? Why should he come to Flower Fair? Head bowed, h...

轻肥 [1] 白居易 意气 [2] 骄满路，鞍马光照尘。 借问何为者？人称是内臣 [3] 。 朱绂 [4] 皆大夫，紫绶 [5] 或将军。 夸赴军中宴，走马去如云。 罇罍 [6] 溢九酝 [7] ，水陆罗八珍 [8] 。 果擘 [9] 洞庭橘 [10] ，脍 [11] 切天池 [12] 鳞。 食饱心自若，酒酣气益振。 是岁江南旱，衢州 [13] 人食人！ 注释： [1] 轻肥：轻裘肥马，指达官显贵，兼喻其生活的豪奢。《论语·雍也》云：“乘肥马，衣轻裘。” [2] 意气：意态与神气。 [3] 内臣：宦官。 [4] 朱绂（fú）：朱红色朝服。唐制，官分九品，四五品衣朱，二三品佩紫绶。 [5] 紫绶（shòu）：紫色的系印绶带。 [6] 樽罍（léi）：古代盛酒的器具。 [7] 九酝：泛指最醇美的酒。 [8] 八珍：八样贵重食品。 [9] 擘（bò）：剖开。 [10] 洞庭橘：江苏太湖洞庭山产的名橘。 [11] 脍（kuài）：细切的鱼肉。 [12] 天池：这里指大海。 [13] 衢州：今浙江省衢县。 Sleek Horse and Light Furs Bai Juyi The road is overwhelmed with their pride, Saddled steeds brighten the roadside. How proud these officers appear For they are eunuchs without fear! They wear official tassels red And violet ribbon round the head. To feast in the army they’re proud, Their horses run as light as cloud. They drink and eat, wine cup in hand, Delicious food from sea and land. The oranges come from the lakeside; The fish from Heaven’s Pool well fried. Full fed, they set their heart at ease; Drunken, they would do as they please...

上阳 [1] 白发人 白居易 上阳人，上阳人，红颜暗老 [2] 白发新。 绿衣监使 [3] 守宫门，一闭上阳多少春。 玄宗末岁初选入，入时十六今六十。 同时采择 [4] 百余人，零落年深残此身 [5] 。 忆昔吞悲别亲族，扶入车中不教哭。 皆云入内便承恩，脸似芙蓉胸似玉。 未容君王得见面，已被杨妃遥侧目 [6] 。 妒令潜配上阳宫，一生遂向空房宿。 宿空房，秋夜长，夜长无寐天不明。 耿耿残灯背壁影，萧萧暗雨打窗声。 春日迟，日迟独坐天难暮； 宫莺百啭 [7] 愁厌闻，梁燕双栖老休妒。 莺归燕去长悄然，春往秋来不记年。 唯向深宫望明月，东西四五百回圆。 今日宫中年最老，大家遥赐尚书号 [8] 。 小头鞋履窄衣裳，青黛点眉眉细长。 外人不见见应笑，天宝末年时世妆。 上阳人，苦最多： 少亦苦，老亦苦，少苦老苦两如何？ 君不见昔时吕向《美人赋》 [9] ， 又不见今日上阳人白发歌。 注释： [1] 上阳：唐代别宫名，在东都洛阳西南。 [2] 红颜暗老：人的青春容颜在不知不觉中衰老。 [3] 绿衣监使：唐代管理宫闱事务的宦官，唐时京都诸苑各设监一人，从六品下；副监一人，从七品下。六、七品官服为深、浅绿色。 [4] 采择：选入宫女。 [5] “零落”句：零落，凋谢，这里指宫女死亡。残。剩余、留下。 [6] “已被”句：杨妃，杨贵妃。遥侧目，斜着眼睛看，形容忌恨的样子。 [7] 百啭（zhuàn）：鸟婉转地叫。 [8] “大家”句：大家，古代宫中侍从对皇帝的称谓。尚书，女尚书，宫中女官的名称。 [9] 吕向《美人赋》：作者自注云：“天宝末，有密采艳色者，当时号花鸟使，吕向献《美人赋》以讽之。”吕向，字子回，事迹见《新唐书·文艺传》。《美人赋》载《全唐文》卷三零一。 The White-haired Palace Maid Bai Juyi The Shangyang Palace maid, Her hair grows white, her rosy cheeks grow dark and fade. The palace gate is guarded by eunuchs in green. How many springs have passed, immured as she has been! She was first chosen for the imperia...

再游玄都观 刘禹锡 百亩庭中半是苔 [1] ， 桃花净尽菜花开。 种桃道士 [2] 归何处， 前度 [3] 刘郎今又来。 注释： [1] 苔：青苔。 [2] 种桃道士：比喻昔日竭力打击革新派的执政者。 [3] 前度：前次。 The Taoist Temple Revisited Liu Yuxi In half of the wide courtyard only mosses grow; Peach blossoms all fallen, only rape-flowers blow. Where is the Taoist planting peach trees in this place? I come after I fell again into disgrace. In 829 the poet came again to the Taoist temple after his second banishment in 815. 《再游玄都观》是唐代文学家刘禹锡创作的一首七言绝句。这首诗重提旧事，向打击作者的权贵挑战，表示决不因为屡遭报复就屈服妥协。前两句写出玄都观经过繁盛以后的荒凉景色，后两句由花事之变迁，关合到诗人自己之升沉进退。全诗用比拟的方法，对当时的人物和事件加以讽刺，表现了诗人不屈不挠的坚强意志。 “The Taoist Temple Revisited” is a seven-line poem composed by Liu Yuxi, a writer of the Tang Dynasty. The poem revisits old events to challenge the powerful and noble who attacked the author, expressing that he will not give in to compromise because of repeated retaliation. The first two lines describe the desolate scenery of Xuanduguan after its prosperity, while the second two lines relate the changes of flower...

元和十年 [1] 自朗州召至京师戏赠看花诸君子 [2] 刘禹锡 紫陌 [3] 红尘 [4] 拂面来， 无人不道看花回。 玄都观 [5] 里桃千树， 尽是刘郎 [6] 去后栽。 注释： [1] 元和十年：公元815年。 [2] 看花诸君子：指一起承召回京的柳宗元、韩泰等志同道合者。 [3] 紫陌：京城长安繁华的街道。 [4] 红尘：街道上行人车马扬起的尘土。 [5] 玄都观（ɡuàn）：长安城南崇业坊（今西安市南门外）的一座道教庙宇。 [6] 刘郎：诗人自指。 The Flower-admirers Liu Yuxi Dust raised by cabs on grassy lane caresses my face; No flower-admirers but follow the cabs’ trace. Thousands of peach trees in the Taoist temple’s place Are all planted after I fell into disgrace. In 815 the poet lamented over his banishment from the capital in 805 with the result that he could not admire the peach flowers in the Taoist temple. 《元和十年自朗州至京戏赠看花诸君子》是唐代文学家刘禹锡创作的一首诗。此诗通过人们在玄都观看花的事，含蓄地讽刺了当时掌管朝廷大权的新官僚。第一、二句写人们去玄都观看花的情景，展示出大道上人欢马叫、川流不息的热闹场面，看花回来的人们“无人不道”花的艳丽，呈现出心满意足的神态；第三、四句表面上写玄都观里如此众多艳丽的桃花，自己十年前在长安的时候还根本没有，离别长安十年后新栽的桃树长大开花了，实则是讽刺当时权贵的。全诗语涉讥讽，且极辛辣尖刻，因此触怒了当权者。 A poem written by Liu Yuxi, a literary scholar of the Tang Dynasty, is a poem about people watching flowers in Xuandu. The poem is a subtle satire on the new bure...

哀江头 杜甫 少陵野老 [1] 吞声哭，春日潜行曲江曲 [2] 。 江头宫殿锁千门，细柳新蒲为谁绿。 忆昔霓旌 [3] 下南苑，苑中万物生颜色 [4] 。 昭阳殿里第一人 [5] ，同辇随君侍君侧。 辇前才人带弓箭，白马嚼啮 [6] 黄金勒 [7] 。 翻身向天仰射云，一笑正坠双飞翼。 明眸皓齿今何在？血污游魂归不得 [8] 。 清渭 [9] 东流剑阁 [10] 深，去住彼此无消息。 人生有情泪沾臆，江水江花岂终极！ 黄昏胡骑尘满城，欲往城南望城北。 注释： [1] 少陵野老：杜甫自称。 [2] 曲江：长安城南著名的风景区。 [3] 霓旌：皇帝的旌旗。 [4] 生颜色：焕发生机。 [5] 昭阳殿里第一人：指杨贵妃。 [6] 啮（niè）：咬。 [7] 勒：马衔的嚼口。 [8] 归不得：指马嵬坡兵变，杨贵妃被缢死。 [9] 清渭：渭水。 [10] 剑阁：大剑山。 Lament along the Winding River Du Fu Old and deprived, I swallow tears on a spring day; Along Winding River in stealth I go my way. All palace gates and doors are locked on river shore; Willows and reeds are green for no one to adore. I remember rainbow banners streamed at high tide To Southern Park where everything was beautified. The first lady of the Sunny Palace would ride In the imperial chariot by the emperor’s side. The horsewomen before her bore arrows and bow; Their white steeds champed at golden bits on the front row. One archer, leaning back, shot at cloud in the sky; One arrow brought down two w...

诸将五首（其二） 杜甫 韩公 [1] 本意筑三城， 拟绝天骄 [2] 拔汉旌。 岂谓尽烦回纥马， 翻然远救朔方兵 [3] 。 胡 [4] 来不觉潼关隘， 龙起 [5] 犹闻晋水 [6] 清。 独使至尊忧社稷， 诸君何以答升平？ 注释： [1] 韩公：指张仁愿，景龙二年封韩国公。 [2] 天骄：指回纥。 [3] 朔方兵：朔方镇的唐军。 [4] 胡：指安禄山叛军。 [5] 龙起：唐代宗即位。 [6] 晋水：代指河北。 Five Generals （Ⅱ） Du Fu The Duke of Han planned to build three victorious walls To stop the foe from coming near our capitals. Could he anticipate the Western cavaliers, After their victory, would not leave Northern frontiers? The Pass could not prevent the foe from coming near; After the dragon’s rise, we can see our land clear. Should the sovereign worry about the country’s fate, Generals could not have done their duty for the State. The poet praises the Duke of Hart who has built three victor’s walls, and criticizes other generals who cannot stop the enemy’s invasion on Northern frontiers. The dragon refers to the new sovereign who has recaptured the Western capital.

兵车行 杜甫 车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰。 耶娘妻子 [1] 走相送，尘埃不见咸阳桥。 牵衣顿足拦道哭，哭声直上干 [2] 云霄。 道傍过者问行人，行人但云点行频 [3] 。 或从十五北防河，便至四十西营田 [4] 。 去时里正 [5] 与裹头 [6] ，归来头白还戍边。 边庭流血成海水，武皇 [7] 开边意未已。 君不闻汉家山东二百州 [8] ，千村万落生荆杞。 纵有健妇把锄犁，禾生陇亩无东西。 况复秦兵耐苦战，被驱不异犬与鸡。 长者虽有问，役夫敢申恨。 且如今年冬，未休关西卒 [9] 。 县官 [10] 急索租，租税从何出。 信知生男恶，反是生女好。 生女犹是嫁比邻 [11] ，生男埋没随百草。 君不见青海头，古来白骨无人收。 新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭，天阴雨湿声啾啾。 注释： [1] 妻子：妻和子女。 [2] 干：犯；冲。 [3] 点行频：多次点兵出征。 [4] 营田：戍边的士卒，兼从事垦荒工作。 [5] 里正：里长。唐制：百户为一里，里有里正，管户口、赋役等事。 [6] 与裹头：古以皂罗三尺裹头作头巾。因应征者年龄还小，故由里正替他裹头。 [7] 武皇：汉武帝，他在历史上以开疆拓土著称。这里暗喻唐玄宗。 [8] 山东二百州：指华山以东的广大土地。 [9] 关西卒：指此次应征出发的秦地士卒。 [10] 县官：指官府。 [11] 比邻：近邻。 Song of the Conscripts Du Fu The conscripts march with bow and arrows at the waist. Their fathers, mothers, wives and children come in haste To see them off; the bridge is shrouded in dust they’ve raised. They clutch at their coats, stamp the feet and bar the way; Their grief cries loud and strikes the cloud straight, straight away. An onlooker by roadside asks an enrollee. “The conscription is frequent,” only answer...

丽人行 杜甫 三月三日天气新，长安水边多丽人。 态浓意远淑且真 [1] ，肌理细腻骨肉匀。 绣罗衣裳照暮春，蹙 [2] 金孔雀银麒麟。 头上何所有，翠为㔩叶垂鬓唇 [3] 。 背后何所见，珠压腰衱稳称身 [4] 。 就中云幕椒房亲 [5] ，赐名大国虢与秦 [6] 。 紫驼之峰 [7] 出翠釜，水精之盘行素鳞。 犀箸厌饫久未下 [8] ，鸾刀缕切空纷纶 [9] 。 黄门飞鞚不动尘 [10] ，御厨络绎送八珍。 箫鼓哀吟感鬼神，宾从杂沓实要津 [11] 。 后来鞍马何逡巡 [12] ，当轩下马入锦茵 [13] 。 杨花雪落覆白苹，青鸟飞去衔红巾。 炙手可热势绝伦 [14] ，慎莫近前丞相嗔。 注释： [1] “态浓”句：态浓意远，姿态浓艳，神情高远而显得超凡脱俗。淑且真，贤淑而又纯真。 [2] 蹙（cù）：古代刺绣的一种手法。在其下接有“金孔雀”和“银麒麟”两个宾语。 [3] “翠为”句：翠为㔩叶，用翠玉制成的妇女发髻上的雕花饰物。鬓唇，鬓角边。 [4] “珠压”句：衱（jié），衣服后面的大襟。稳称身，珠玉压住后襟，使它下垂，显得衣服非常妥帖合身。 [5] “就中”句：就中，宫内。云幕椒房，都指后妃居住的内宫。 [6] 虢（ɡuó）与秦：杨贵妃有三个姊妹，大姐嫁给崔家封为韩国夫人，三姐嫁给裴家封为虢国夫人，八姐嫁给柳家封为秦国夫人，这里用“虢与秦”指代杨氏姊妹。 [7] 紫驼之峰：紫驼背上高突的肉峰。 [8] “犀箸”句：犀箸，用犀牛角制作的筷子。厌饫（yù），饱足。 [9] “鸾刀”句：鸾刀，环上有鸾铃的刀。缕切，切脍如丝缕般精细。纷纶，忙乱。 [10] “黄门”句：黄门，太监。飞鞚（kònɡ），鞚指马笼头，这里指马飞驰。 [11] “宾从”句：宾从，讨好杨氏一家的趋炎附势之人。杂沓（tà），杂乱而众多。实要津，津原指渡口，这里指担任各方面的重要职位。 [12] 逡（qūn）巡：神气飞扬，旁若无人的样子。 [13] 锦茵：地上铺有锦褥。 [14] “炙手”句：炙手可热，气焰嚣张，触之熏灼。绝伦，无人可比。 Satire on Fair Ladies Du Fu The weather’s fine in the third moon on the third day, By riverside so many beauties in array. Each of ...

咏史 戎昱 汉家 [1] 青史 [2] 上， 计 [3] 拙 [4] 是和亲。 社稷 [5] 依明主， 安危托妇人。 岂能将玉貌 [6] ， 便拟 [7] 静胡 [8] 尘 [9] 。 地下千年骨， 谁为辅佐臣。 注释： [1] 汉家：汉朝。 [2] 青史：史册。古人在青竹简上纪事，后世就称史册为青史。 [3] 计：计策，计谋。 [4] 拙：愚笨。 [5] 社稷：本指古代天子诸侯祭祀土神、谷神的庙宇，后来用作国家政权的象征。 [6] 玉貌：美好的容貌，这里代指和亲的女子。 [7] 拟：意欲，打算 [8] 胡：汉唐时期，汉族称西、北方的少数民族为“胡人”。 [9] 尘：指烟尘，代指战争。 On Appeasement by Marriage Rong Yu The kings in history sank so low As to appease by marriage the foe. To rule is a sovereign’s duty. Can safety depend on a beauty? Could a face beautiful as jade Repel the Tartars who invade? Why were no loyal generals found Among bones buried underground? This is a satire against the kings who sought appeasement by marriage. 《咏史》是唐代诗人戎昱创作的一首五言律诗。这首诗首联开门见山，直截了当地指出和亲是最为拙劣的政策。颔联便单刀直人，明确指出国家的治理要靠英明的皇帝，而执行和亲政策，实际上是把国家的安危寄托在一个妇女身上。颈联更鞭辟入里，透彻揭露和亲的实质就是妄图用女色乞取国家安宁。尾联晓以史鉴，指出已成为千年白骨的主张和亲者，没有一个可称为辅佐国家之臣。这首诗诗意浅显直露，议论正直阔大，意气风发激昂，揭露了和亲政策的懦弱，愤激指责了朝廷的无能。 The poem “On Appeasement by Marriage” is a five-line poem written by the Tang Dynasty poet Rong Yu. The first cou...

乌栖曲 [1] 李白 姑苏台 [2] 上乌栖时 [3] ， 吴王宫里醉西施 [4] 。 吴歌楚舞欢未毕， 青山欲衔半边日。 银箭金壶 [5] 漏水多， 起看秋月坠江波。 东方渐高 [6] 奈乐何！ 注释： [1] 乌栖曲：乐府《清商曲辞·西曲歌》旧题，西曲本是江汉一带民歌，与吴声歌曲相近。 [2] 姑苏台：故址在今江苏省苏州市，春秋时吴王夫差所建。 [3] 乌栖时：黄昏时。 [4] 西施：吴王夫差的宠妃。她本是越国的著名美女，越王勾践将她献给吴王，以销蚀吴王的意志。 [5] 银箭金壶：古代用壶和箭作计时的器具，用金属制成。 [6] 高：通“皓”（hào）。白色。 Crows Flying Back to Their Nest Li Bai Over Royal Terrace when crows flew back to their nest, The king in Royal Palace feasted his mistress drunk. The Southern maidens sang and danced without a rest Till beak-like mountain peaks would peck the sun half sunk. The golden clepsydra could not stop water’s flow, Over the waves the autumn moon was hanging low. Would not the king enjoy his fill in Eastern glow? This is a satire on the King of Wu who held perpetual revelries with his favorite mistress in his Royal Palace in the 5th century BC. 《乌栖曲》是唐代诗人李白创作的一首乐府诗。此诗通过日暮乌栖、落日衔山、秋月坠江等富于象征色彩的物象，暗示荒淫的君王不可避免的乐极生悲的下场。 全诗在形式上作了大胆的创新，借旧题的歌咏艳情转为讽刺宫廷淫靡生活，纯用客观叙写，不入一句贬辞，但讽刺却很尖锐、冷峻、深刻。 “Crows Flying Back to Their Nest...

古风（其二十四） 李白 大车扬飞尘， 亭午暗阡陌 [1] 。 中贵 [2] 多黄金， 连云开甲宅 [3] 。 路逢斗鸡者， 冠盖 [4] 何辉赫 [5] 。 鼻息干虹霓 [6] ， 行人皆怵惕 [7] 。 世无洗耳翁 [8] ， 谁知尧 [9] 与跖 [10] ！ 注释： [1] 阡陌：泛指大路。 [2] 中贵：“中贵人”的简称。即宦官。 [3] 甲宅：甲第。 [4] 冠盖：衣冠和车盖。 [5] 辉赫：光彩照人。 [6] “鼻息”句：言气焰冲天。干，冲。 [7] 怵惕（chù tì）：恐惧。 [8] 洗耳翁：古代隐士许由。 [9] 尧：古代圣贤，代指贤人。 [10] 跖（zhí）：古代大盗，代指不肖之人。 Eunuchs and Cock-fighters （ⅩⅩⅣ） Li Bai The dust which eunuchs’ carriages raise Darkens at noon the public ways. Of their gold the eunuchs are proud; Their mansions rise to scrape the cloud I meet those who can make cocks fight, With caps and cabs, so fair and bright. Into rainbows they blow their breath, Passers-by are frightened to death. There is no connoisseur in this age. Who can tell a thief from a sage? The poet criticizes the rich and influential eunuchs and cock-fighters.