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Bai Juyi Poem: Drinking Together with Liu Yuxi – 白居易《与梦得沽酒闲饮 且约后期》

与梦得沽 [1] 酒闲饮且约后期 白居易 少时犹不忧生计, 老去谁能惜酒钱? 共把十千沽一斗, 相看七十欠三年。 闲征雅令穷经史, 醉听清吟胜管弦。 更待菊黄家酿熟, 共君一醉一陶然 [2] 。 注释: [1] 梦得:刘禹锡,字梦得,与白居易同龄。开成二年(837),白、刘(六十七岁,故云“相看七十欠三年”)同在洛阳。刘任太子宾客分司,白任太子少傅,都是闲职,故得“闲饮且约后期”。 [2] 陶然:舒畅快乐的样子。 Drinking Together with Liu Yuxi Bai Juyi While young, I was not worded about livelihood. Old now, how could I grudge money for buying wine? Let’s spend ten thousand coins for a jarful of drink good! Looking in face, two years more we’ll be sixty-nine. We read and play the drinkers’ wager game at leisure; Drunk, we listen to verse better than music light. When chrysanthemums yellow, may 1 have the pleasure To invite you to drink my home-brew with delight? The poet expresses his delight in drinking together with an old friend. 《与梦得沽酒闲饮且约后期》是唐代诗人白居易所作的一首七律。这首诗首联写人生不同时段的感受;颔联、颈联明写“醉听清吟”对饮的乐趣,暗含对政治上遭冷遇的不满;尾联紧扣题意,作者把眼前的聚会引向未来,把友情和诗意推向高峰。尾句的“一醉一陶然”,既表达了作者对挚友的深情厚谊,又表现出作者在现实面前的哀伤和愁苦。全诗言简意赅,语淡情深。 The poem “Drinking Together with Liu Yuxi” is a seven-line poem written by Bai Juyi...

Bai Juyi Poem: Song of a Pipa Player – 白居易《琵琶行》

琵琶行 白居易 浔阳江 [1] 头夜送客, 枫叶荻花 [2] 秋瑟瑟。 主人下马客在船, 举酒欲饮无管弦。 醉不成欢惨将别, 别时茫茫江浸月。 忽闻水上琵琶声, 主人忘归客不发。 寻声暗问弹者谁? 琵琶声停欲语迟 [3] 。 移船相近邀相见, 添酒回灯重开宴。 千呼万唤始出来, 犹抱琵琶半遮面。 转轴拨弦三两声, 未成曲调先有情。 弦弦掩抑声声思, 似诉平生不得志。 低眉信手续续弹, 说尽心中无限事。 轻拢慢捻抹复挑 [4] , 初为《霓裳》后《六幺》 [5] 。 大弦嘈嘈如急雨 [6] , 小弦切切如私语。 嘈嘈切切 [7] 错杂弹, 大珠小珠落玉盘。 间关莺语花底滑 [8] , 幽咽泉流水下滩 [9] 。 水泉冷涩弦凝绝, 凝绝不通声暂歇。 别有幽愁暗恨生, 此时无声胜有声。 银瓶乍破水浆迸 [10] , 铁骑突出刀枪鸣。 曲终收拨当心画 [11] , 四弦一声如裂帛。 东船西舫悄无言, 唯见江心秋月白。 沉吟放拨插弦中 [12] , 整顿衣裳起敛容。 自言本是京城女, 家在虾蟆陵 [13] 下住。 十三学得琵琶成, 名属教坊第一部 [14] 。 曲罢常教善才伏 [15] , 妆成每被秋娘 [16] 妒。 五陵年少争缠头 [17] , 一曲红绡 [18] 不知数。 钿头银篦击节碎 [19] , 血色罗裙翻酒污。 今年欢笑复明年, 秋月春风等闲度。 弟走从军阿姨死, 暮去朝来颜色故。 门前冷落车马稀, 老大嫁作商人妇。 商人重利轻别离, 前月浮梁 [20] 买茶去。 去来江口守空船, 绕船月明江水寒。 夜深忽梦少年事, 梦啼妆泪红阑干 [21] 。 我闻琵琶已叹息, 又闻此语重唧唧 [22] 。 同是天涯沦落人, 相逢何必曾相识! 我从去年辞帝京, 谪居卧病浔阳城。 浔阳地僻无音乐, 终岁不闻丝竹声。 住近湓江地低湿, 黄芦苦竹绕宅生。 其间旦暮闻何物? 杜鹃 [23] 啼血猿哀鸣。 春江花朝秋月夜, 往往取酒还独倾。 岂无山歌与村笛? 呕哑嘲哳 [24] 难为听。 今夜闻君琵琶语, 如听仙乐耳暂明。 莫辞更坐弹一曲, 为君翻作 [25] 琵琶行。 感我此言良久立, 却坐 [26] 促弦弦转急。 凄凄不似向前声, 满座重闻皆掩泣。 座中泣下谁最多, 江州司马 [27] 青衫湿。 注释: [1] 浔阳江:长江流经浔阳郡境内的一段。 [2] 荻(dí)花:荻是水生植物...

Bai Juyi Poem: The Old Charcoal Seller – 白居易《卖炭翁》

卖炭翁 白居易 卖炭翁,伐薪烧炭南山 [1] 中。 满面尘灰烟火色,两鬓苍苍 [2] 十指黑。 卖炭得钱何所营?身上衣裳口中食。 可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒。 夜来城外一尺雪,晓驾炭车辗冰辙 [3] 。 牛困人饥日已高,市南门 [4] 外泥中歇。 翩翩两骑来是谁?黄衣使者白衫儿 [5] 。 手把文书口称敕 [6] ,回车叱牛牵向北 [7] 。 一车炭,千余斤,宫使驱将惜不得 [8] 。 半匹 [9] 红纱一丈绫,系 [10] 向牛头充炭直 [11] ! 注释: [1] 南山:终南山。 [2] 苍苍:形容鬓发斑白。 [3] 辗(niǎn)冰辙(zhé):轧着结冰的车道行走。 [4] 市南门:唐代长安有东、西两个市场,每个市场都有东、南、西、北门。 [5] “黄衣”句:黄衣使者,指太监,唐代级别较高的太监穿黄衣。白衫儿,太监手下的爪牙。 [6] “手把”句:口称敕(chì),嘴里说着皇帝的命令。敕,君主的诏命。 [7] 牵向北:唐代长安市场在城南,宫廷在城北,所以叱牛向北行。 [8] “宫使”句:宫使,即上面所说的黄衣使者。驱将,把牛车赶走。将,语气助词。 [9] 半匹:唐代四丈为一匹,半匹为二丈。 [10] 系(jì):绑扎。 [11] 直:同“值”。 The Old Charcoal Seller Bai Juyi What does the old man fare? He cuts the wood in southern hill and fires his ware. His face is grimed with smoke and streaked with ash and dust, His temples grizzled and his fingers all turned black. The money earned by selling charcoal is not just Enough for food for his mouth and clothing for his back. Though his coat is thin, he hopes winter will set in, For cold weather will keep up the charcoals good price. At night a foot ...

Bai Juyi Poem: Buying Flowers – 白居易《买花》

买花 白居易 帝城 [1] 春欲暮,喧喧车马度。 共道牡丹时,相随买花去。 贵贱无常价,酬直 [2] 看花数。 灼灼 [3] 百朵红,戋戋五束素 [4] 。 上张幄幕 [5] 庇 [6] ,旁织笆篱护。 水洒复泥封 [7] ,移来色如故。 家家习为俗,人人迷不悟。 有一田舍翁 [8] ,偶来买花处。 低头独长叹,此叹无人谕。 一丛深色花,十户中人赋 [9] ! 注释: [1] 帝城:指京城长安。 [2] 酬直:酬值。 [3] 灼灼(zhuó):形容花鲜艳有光彩的样子。 [4] “戋戋(jiān)”句:戋戋,众多的样子。束,量词,古时帛五匹为一束。素,白绸子。 [5] 幄幕:帐篷。 [6] 庇(bì):庇护。 [7] 泥封:用土培植。 [8] 田舍翁:老农。 [9] 中人赋:中等人家一年缴的赋税。唐时赋税,按户口征收,分为上户、中户、下户。(《旧唐书·食货志》) Buying Flowers Bai Juyi The capital’s in parting spring, Steeds run and neigh and cab bells ring. Peonies are at their best hours And people rush to buy the flowers. They do not care about the price, Just count and buy those which seem nice. For hundred blossoms dazzling red, Twenty-five rolls of silk they spread. Sheltered above by curtains wide, Protected with fences by the side, Roots sealed with mud, with water sprayed, Removed, their beauty does not fade. Accustomed to this way for long, No family e’er thinks it wrong. What’s the old peasant doing there? Why should he come to Flower Fair? Head bowed, h...

Bai Juyi Poem: Sleek Horse and Light Furs – 白居易《轻肥》

轻肥 [1] 白居易 意气 [2] 骄满路,鞍马光照尘。 借问何为者?人称是内臣 [3] 。 朱绂 [4] 皆大夫,紫绶 [5] 或将军。 夸赴军中宴,走马去如云。 罇罍 [6] 溢九酝 [7] ,水陆罗八珍 [8] 。 果擘 [9] 洞庭橘 [10] ,脍 [11] 切天池 [12] 鳞。 食饱心自若,酒酣气益振。 是岁江南旱,衢州 [13] 人食人! 注释: [1] 轻肥:轻裘肥马,指达官显贵,兼喻其生活的豪奢。《论语·雍也》云:“乘肥马,衣轻裘。” [2] 意气:意态与神气。 [3] 内臣:宦官。 [4] 朱绂(fú):朱红色朝服。唐制,官分九品,四五品衣朱,二三品佩紫绶。 [5] 紫绶(shòu):紫色的系印绶带。 [6] 樽罍(léi):古代盛酒的器具。 [7] 九酝:泛指最醇美的酒。 [8] 八珍:八样贵重食品。 [9] 擘(bò):剖开。 [10] 洞庭橘:江苏太湖洞庭山产的名橘。 [11] 脍(kuài):细切的鱼肉。 [12] 天池:这里指大海。 [13] 衢州:今浙江省衢县。 Sleek Horse and Light Furs Bai Juyi The road is overwhelmed with their pride, Saddled steeds brighten the roadside. How proud these officers appear For they are eunuchs without fear! They wear official tassels red And violet ribbon round the head. To feast in the army they’re proud, Their horses run as light as cloud. They drink and eat, wine cup in hand, Delicious food from sea and land. The oranges come from the lakeside; The fish from Heaven’s Pool well fried. Full fed, they set their heart at ease; Drunken, they would do as they please...

Bai Juyi Poem: The White-haired Palace Maid – 白居易《上阳白发人》

上阳 [1] 白发人 白居易 上阳人,上阳人,红颜暗老 [2] 白发新。 绿衣监使 [3] 守宫门,一闭上阳多少春。 玄宗末岁初选入,入时十六今六十。 同时采择 [4] 百余人,零落年深残此身 [5] 。 忆昔吞悲别亲族,扶入车中不教哭。 皆云入内便承恩,脸似芙蓉胸似玉。 未容君王得见面,已被杨妃遥侧目 [6] 。 妒令潜配上阳宫,一生遂向空房宿。 宿空房,秋夜长,夜长无寐天不明。 耿耿残灯背壁影,萧萧暗雨打窗声。 春日迟,日迟独坐天难暮; 宫莺百啭 [7] 愁厌闻,梁燕双栖老休妒。 莺归燕去长悄然,春往秋来不记年。 唯向深宫望明月,东西四五百回圆。 今日宫中年最老,大家遥赐尚书号 [8] 。 小头鞋履窄衣裳,青黛点眉眉细长。 外人不见见应笑,天宝末年时世妆。 上阳人,苦最多: 少亦苦,老亦苦,少苦老苦两如何? 君不见昔时吕向《美人赋》 [9] , 又不见今日上阳人白发歌。 注释: [1] 上阳:唐代别宫名,在东都洛阳西南。 [2] 红颜暗老:人的青春容颜在不知不觉中衰老。 [3] 绿衣监使:唐代管理宫闱事务的宦官,唐时京都诸苑各设监一人,从六品下;副监一人,从七品下。六、七品官服为深、浅绿色。 [4] 采择:选入宫女。 [5] “零落”句:零落,凋谢,这里指宫女死亡。残。剩余、留下。 [6] “已被”句:杨妃,杨贵妃。遥侧目,斜着眼睛看,形容忌恨的样子。 [7] 百啭(zhuàn):鸟婉转地叫。 [8] “大家”句:大家,古代宫中侍从对皇帝的称谓。尚书,女尚书,宫中女官的名称。 [9] 吕向《美人赋》:作者自注云:“天宝末,有密采艳色者,当时号花鸟使,吕向献《美人赋》以讽之。”吕向,字子回,事迹见《新唐书·文艺传》。《美人赋》载《全唐文》卷三零一。 The White-haired Palace Maid Bai Juyi The Shangyang Palace maid, Her hair grows white, her rosy cheeks grow dark and fade. The palace gate is guarded by eunuchs in green. How many springs have passed, immured as she has been! She was first chosen for the imperia...

Bai Juyi Poem: The Everlasting Longing – 白居易《长恨歌》

长恨歌 白居易 汉皇 [1] 重色思倾国 [2] ,御宇 [3] 多年求不得。 杨家有女 [4] 初长成,养在深闺人未识。 天生丽质难自弃,一朝选在君王侧。 回眸 [5] 一笑百媚生,六宫 [6] 粉黛 [7] 无颜色。 春寒赐浴华清池 [8] ,温泉水滑洗凝脂 [9] 。 侍儿扶起娇无力,始是新承恩泽 [10] 时。 云鬓 [11] 花颜金步摇 [12] ,芙蓉帐暖度春宵。 春宵 [13] 苦短 [14] 日高起,从此君王不早朝 [15] 。 承欢侍宴无闲暇,春从春游夜专夜 [16] 。 后宫 [17] 佳丽 [18] 三千 [19] 人,三千宠爱在一身 [20] 。 金屋 [21] 妆成娇侍夜,玉楼宴罢醉和春 [22] 。 姊妹弟兄皆列土,可怜 [23] 光彩生门户。 遂令天下父母心,不重生男重生女。 骊宫 [24] 高处入青云,仙乐 [25] 风飘处处闻。 缓歌谩舞 [26] 凝丝竹 [27] ,尽日君王看不足 [28] 。 渔阳鼙鼓动地来,惊破霓裳羽衣曲 [29] 。 九重城阙烟尘生 [30] ,千乘万骑西南行。 翠华 [31] 摇摇行复止,西出都门百余里。 六军 [32] 不发无奈何,婉转 [33] 蛾眉 [34] 马前死。 花钿 [35] 委地 [36] 无人收,翠翘 [37] 金雀 [38] 玉搔头 [39] 。 君王 [40] 掩面救不得,回看血泪相和流。 黄埃 [41] 散漫风萧索,云栈萦纡登剑阁 [42] 。 峨嵋山 [43] 下少人行,旌旗无光日色薄 [44] 。 蜀江水碧蜀山青,圣主 [45] 朝朝暮暮情。 行宫 [46] 见月伤心色,夜雨闻铃肠断声。 天旋地转 [47] 回龙驭 [48] ,到此踌躇不能去。 马嵬坡下泥土中,不见玉颜 [49] 空死处。 君臣相顾尽沾衣 [50] ,东望都门 [51] 信马 [52] 归。 归来池苑皆依旧,太液 [53] 芙蓉 [54] 未央 [55] 柳。 芙蓉如面柳如眉,对此如何不泪垂。 春风桃李花开日,秋雨梧桐叶落时。 西宫 [56] 南内 [57] 多秋草,落叶满阶红不扫。 梨园弟子 [58] 白发新,椒房阿监 [59] 青娥 [60] 老。 夕殿萤 [61] 飞思悄然 [62] ,孤灯挑尽未成眠。 迟迟 [63] 钟鼓初长夜,耿耿 [64] 星河 [65] 欲曙天。 鸳鸯瓦 [66] 冷霜华 [67...

Bai Juyi Poem: For Roaming Yuan Zhen – 白居易《望驿台》

望驿台 [1] 白居易 靖安宅 [2] 里当窗柳, 望驿台前扑地花 [3] 。 两处春光同日尽, 居人思客客思家。 注释: [1] 望驿台:在今四川省广元县西南。 [2] 靖安宅:白居易挚友元稹的住宅,在长安城朱雀门街东第二街靖安坊内。 [3] 扑地花:花飘落坠地。 For Roaming Yuan Zhen Bai Juyi Your wife gazes at yellowing willows at home; You on flowers falling on the ground while you roam. Spring comes to end in two places on the same day; You think of home and she of you far, far away. Yuan and his wife long for each other on seeing falling flowers and yellow leaves. 《望驿台》是唐代诗人白居易于元和四年(809年)三月为好友元稹《使东川》组诗而创作的十二首和诗中的一首。全诗紧扣“思”字,层层深入地展开,先写闺中绮思,再写驿旅苦思,然后转入失望的刻骨相思,最后迭用两个思字,点明诗旨。此诗用对局开篇,用散句收尾,章法于严谨中有变化,表现了诗的声情之美。 “For Roaming Yuan Zhen” is one of the twelve poems composed by the Tang poet Bai Juyi in March of the fourth year of Yuanhe (809) for his friend Yuan Zhen’s poem “Making Dongchuan”. The poem starts with the word “Si” and goes deeper and deeper, firstly writing about the beautiful thoughts in the bedroom, then about the bitter thoughts of the traveler, then turning to the b...

Bai Juyi Poem: Thinking of Home on Winter Solstice Night at Handan – 白 居易《邯郸冬至夜思家》

邯郸 [1] 冬至 [2] 夜思家 白居易 邯郸驿里逢冬至, 抱膝灯前影伴身。 想得家中夜深坐, 还应 [3] 说着远行人。 注释: [1] 邯郸:唐代县名,属河北道磁州。今为河北省邯郸市。 [2] 冬至:农历二十四节气之一,在阴历十二月二十二或二十三日。古代冬至日有隆重的节日活动。 [3] 还应:还可能。 Thinking of Home on Winter Solstice Night at Handan Bai Juyi At roadside inn I pass the Winter Solstice Day Clasping my knees, with my shadow in company. I think, till dead of night my family would stay, And talk about the poor lonely wayfaring me. While young, the poet thought of home at a lonely inn on Winter Solstice Day, which was as important as New Year’s Day during the Tang Dyansty. 《邯郸冬至夜思家》是唐代诗人白居易所作的一首七言绝句。此诗描写了冬至夜晚作者在邯郸驿舍的所思所感,表达了作者的孤寂之感和思家之情。全诗语言质朴无华而韵味含蓄,构思精巧别致,运用想象等手法,表现出淡淡的思乡之愁以及浓浓的怀亲之意。 The poem “Thinking of Home on Winter Solstice Night at Handan” is a seven-line poem written by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem describes the thoughts and feelings of the poet at his winter solstice house in Handan, expressing his feelings of loneliness and homesickness. The poem’s language is simple and ...

Bai Juyi Poem: Reading Yuan Zhen’s Poems in a Boat – 白居易《舟中读元九 诗》

舟中读元九 [1] 诗 白居易 把君诗卷灯前读, 诗尽灯残天未明。 眼痛灭灯犹暗坐, 逆风吹浪打船声。 注释: [1] 元九:元稹,字微之,因在族中排行第九,因此称元九。是白居易的挚友。 Reading Yuan Zhen’s Poems in a Boat Bai Juyi I read your book of poetry by the lamplight, And finish it when oil burns low at dead of night. Eyes sore, I blow the light out and sit in the dark; The waves brought up by adverse wind beat on the bark. The poet and his friend are in exile, so he feels waves rise in his heart as on the river. 《舟中读元九诗》是唐代诗人白居易的作品。此诗以凄苦为基调,运用了白描的手法,通过“灯残”、“诗尽”、“眼痛”、“暗坐”这些词语所展示的环境、氛围、色彩,表现出对元稹的关切、思念之情。前三句连用“灯”字,创设出“灯前读诗”、“诗尽灯残”、“灭灯暗坐”三个意象,创造了一种黑夜中凄清的环境,思念中凄苦的心情,贬谪中凄凉的人生的意境。 The poem “Reading Yuan Zhen’s Poems in a Boat” is a work by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem has a poignant tone and uses the technique of white description to show the concern and longing for Yuan Zhen through the words “the lamp is broken”, “the poem is finished”, “the eyes are aching” and “sitting in the dark”. The poem use...

Bai Juyi Poem: Grass on the Ancient Plain in Farewell to a Friend – 白居 易《赋得古原草送别》

赋得 [1] 古原 [2] 草送别 白居易 离离 [3] 原上草, 一岁一枯荣。 野火烧不尽, 春风吹又生。 远芳 [4] 侵古道, 晴翠 [5] 接荒城。 又送王孙 [6] 去, 萋萋 [7] 满别情。 注释: [1] 赋得:凡是指定、限定的诗题,按惯例要在题目上加“赋得”二字。 [2] 古原:古原野。也有人认为是乐游原,是汉宣帝修建的游览地,在陕西长安城南。 [3] 离离:青草茂盛的样子。 [4] 远芳:春草的芳香播散得很远。 [5] 晴翠:阳光下翠绿的野草。 [6] 王孙:本指贵族子弟,后来成为对他人的尊称。这里指即将远游的友人。 [7] 萋萋:青草长得茂盛的样子。 Grass on the Ancient Plain in Farewell to a Friend Bai Juyi Wild grasses spread over ancient plain; With spring and fall they come and go. Fire tries to burn them up in vain; They rise again when spring winds blow. Their fragrance overruns the way; Their green invades the ruined town. To see my friend going away, My sorrow grows like grass overgrown. The poet compares his friendship to the overgrown grass on the ancient plain. 《赋得古原草送别》是唐代诗人白居易的成名作。此诗通过对古原上野草的描绘,抒发送别友人时的依依惜别之情。它可以看成是一曲野草颂,进而是生命的颂歌。前四句侧重表现野草生命的历时之美,后四句侧重表现其共时之美。全诗章法谨严,用语自然流畅,对仗工整,写景抒情水乳交融,意境浑成,是“赋得体”中的绝唱。“野火烧不尽,春风吹又生”二句作为一种“韧劲”而有口皆碑,传诵千古。 此诗是作者应考的习作。按科场考试规矩,凡指定、限定的诗题,题目前须加“赋得”二字,作法与咏物相类,须缴清题意,起承转合要分明,对仗要精工,全篇要空灵浑成,方称得体。束缚如此之严,故此体向少佳作。据...